Polybius, Histories

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Book 5 - Chapter 9

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<w lemma="%2Akai%5C">Καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou:">πολέμου·</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fws">δικαίως</w> <w lemma="e%29pra%2Ftteto:">ἐπράττετο·</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="xrh%5C">χρὴ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dda">οἶδα</w>.
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<w lemma="labo%2Fntes">λαβόντες</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnnoian">ἔννοιαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2Fw%7C">Δίῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwdw%2Fnh%7C">Δωδώνῃ</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fnwn">πεπραγμένων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%3Ds">Αἰτωλοῖς</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="stoa%5Cs">στοὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29nepi%2Fmprasan">ἐνεπίμπρασαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="loipa%5C">λοιπὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29naqhma%2Ftwn">ἀναθημάτων</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiron">διέφθειρον</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="polutelh%3D">πολυτελῆ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="kataskeuai%3Ds">κατασκευαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelei%2Fas">ἐπιμελείας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnia">ἔνια</w> <w lemma="teteuxo%2Fta">τετευχότα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnhs">δαπάνης</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="puri%5C">πυρὶ</w> <w lemma="katelumh%2Fnanto">κατελυμήναντο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%29rofa%2Fs">ὀροφάς</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fskayan">κατέσκαψαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdafos">ἔδαφος</w>. <w lemma="a%29ne%2Ftreyan">ἀνέτρεψαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndria%2Fntas">ἀνδριάντας</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttous">ἐλάττους</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fwn:">δισχιλίων·</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiran">διέφθειραν</w>, <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsoi">ὅσοι</w> <w lemma="qew%3Dn">θεῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pigrafa%5Cs">ἐπιγραφὰς</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fpous">τύπους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon:">εἶχον·</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsxonto">ἀπέσχοντο</w>.
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<w lemma="kate%2Fgrafon">κατέγραφον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="toi%2Fxous">τοίχους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="perifero%2Fmenon">περιφερόμενον</w> <w lemma="sti%2Fxon">στίχον</w>, <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pidecio%2Fthtos">ἐπιδεξιότητος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Asa%2Fmou">Σάμου</w> <w lemma="fuome%2Fnhs">φυομένης</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ui%28o%5Cs">υἱὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Axrusogo%2Fnou">Χρυσογόνου</w>, <w lemma="su%2Fntrofos">σύντροφος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sti%2Fxos">στίχος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="o%28ra%3D%7Cs">ὁρᾷς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="di%3Don">δῖον</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="be%2Flos">βέλος</w> <w lemma="die%2Fptato">διέπτατο</w>;
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsth">μεγίστη</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fstasis">παράστασις</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flous">φίλους</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fws">δικαίως</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttontas">πράττοντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntws">καθηκόντως</w>, <w lemma="a%29munome%2Fnous">ἀμυνομένους</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fois">ὁμοίοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%3Don">Δῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbeian">ἀσέβειαν</w>. <w lemma="e%29moi%5C">ἐμοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29rqo%5Cs">ὀρθὸς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgos">λόγος</w>, <w lemma="skopei%3Dn">σκοπεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsw%7C">μέσῳ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fresti">πάρεστι</w>, <w lemma="xrwme%2Fnous">χρωμένους</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frois">ἑτέροις</w> <w lemma="tisi%2Fn">τισίν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="paradei%2Fgmasin">παραδείγμασιν</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Fgonos">Ἀντίγονος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsas">νικήσας</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxh%7C">μάχῃ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleome%2Fnhn">Κλεομένην</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29gkrath%5Cs">ἐγκρατὴς</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aspa%2Frths">Σπάρτης</w>,
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<w lemma="au%29to%2Fs">αὐτός</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="bou%2Floito">βούλοιτο</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29mpoliteuome%2Fnois">ἐμπολιτευομένοις</w>, <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pei%3Dxe">ἀπεῖχε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftas">γεγονότας</w> <w lemma="u%28poxeiri%2Fous">ὑποχειρίους</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="a%29podou%5Cs">ἀποδοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Ftrion">πάτριον</w> <w lemma="poli%2Fteuma">πολίτευμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fan">ἐλευθερίαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstwn">μεγίστων</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqw%3Dn">ἀγαθῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftios">αἴτιος</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fois">Λακεδαιμονίοις</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29phlla%2Fgh">ἀπηλλάγη</w>.
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<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29kri%2Fqh">ἐκρίθη</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="eu%29erge%2Fths">εὐεργέτης</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metalla%2Fcas">μεταλλάξας</w> <w lemma="swth%2Fr">σωτήρ</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnois">μόνοις</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fois">Λακεδαιμονίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsin">Ἕλλησιν</w> <w lemma="a%29qana%2Ftou">ἀθανάτου</w> <w lemma="te%2Fteuxe">τέτευχε</w> <w lemma="timh%3Ds">τιμῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w>
<head>Plunder and Sacrilege At Thermus</head>Up to this point everything was right and fair by the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note22">Sacrilege committed at Thermus. Was it justifiable?</note>laws of war; but I do not know how to characterise their next proceedings. For remembering what the Aetolians had done at Dium<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note23">4, 62.</note>and Dodona,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note24">4, 67.</note>they burnt the colonnades, and destroyed what were left of the dedicated offerings, some of which were of costly material, and had been elaborated with great skill and expense. And they were not content with destroying the roofs of these buildings with fire, they levelled them to their foundations; and threw down all the statues, which numbered no less than two thousand; and many of them they broke to pieces, sparing only those that were inscribed with the names or figures of gods. Such they did abstain from injuring. On the walls also they wrote the celebrated line composed<pb n="367" />by Samus, the son of Chrysogonus, a foster-brother of the king, whose genius was then beginning to manifest itself. The line was this—<quote><l>"Seest thou the path the bolt divine has sped?"</l></quote>And in fact the king and his staff were fully convinced that, in thus acting, they were obeying the dictates of right and justice, by retaliating upon the Aetolians with the same impious outrages as they had themselves committed at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Dium&groupId=542&placeId=1019">Dium</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note25">The pun disappears in translation. The line is<foreign lang="greek">ὁρᾷς τὸ δῖον οὗ βέλος διέπτατο.</foreign></note>But I am clearly of an opposite opinion. And the readiest argument, to prove the correctness of my view, may be drawn from the history of this same royal family of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>.For when Antigonus, by his victory in a pitched battle over Cleomenes the King of the Lacedaemonians, had become master of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, and had it absolutely in his own power to treat the town and its citizens as he chose, he was so far from doing any injury to those who had thus fallen into his hands, that he did not return to his own country until he had bestowed upon the Lacedaemonians, collectively and individually, some benefits of the utmost importance. The consequence was that he was honoured at the time with the title of "Benefactor," and after his death with that of "Preserver"; and not only among the Lacedaemonians, but among the Greeks generally, has obtained undying honour and glory.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note26">Games in his honour were celebrated at Sicyon. See<bibl n="Plut. Arat. 45" default="NO" valid="yes">Plutarch,<title>Arat.</title>45</bibl>,<bibl n="Plut. Cleom. 16" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Cleomenes,</title>16</bibl>.<foreign lang="la">supra,</foreign>p. 147 n.<foreign lang="la">Infra,</foreign><ref target="b28c19" targOrder="U">28, 19</ref>;<ref target="b30c23" targOrder="U">30, 23</ref>.</note>