<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtos">πρῶτος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29ch%2Fsas">αὐξήσας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29rxhgo%5Cs">ἀρχηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="prosxh%2Fmatos">προσχήματος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w>, <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsas">νικήσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Axairwnei%2Fa%7C">Χαιρωνείᾳ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fnuse">ἤνυσε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pieikei%2Fas">ἐπιεικείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fas">φιλανθρωπίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpwn">τρόπων</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnwn">μόνων</w> <w lemma="periege%2Fneto">περιεγένετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsth">κατέστη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntitacame%2Fnwn">ἀντιταξαμένων</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29gnwmosu%2Fnh%7C">εὐγνωμοσύνῃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metrio%2Fthti">μετριότητι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fous">Ἀθηναίους</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxen">ἔσχεν</w> <w lemma="u%28poxei%2Frion">ὑποχείριον</w>,
<w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29pimetrw%3Dn">ἐπιμετρῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="qumw%3D%7C">θυμῷ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prattome%2Fnois">πραττομένοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="polemw%3Dn">πολεμῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filoneikw%3Dn">φιλονεικῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29forma%5Cs">ἀφορμὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fdeicin">ἀπόδειξιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthtos">πρᾳότητος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaloka%29gaqi%2Fas">καλοκἀγαθίας</w>.
<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="lu%2Ftrwn">λύτρων</w> <w lemma="a%29postei%2Flas">ἀποστείλας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalw%2Ftous">αἰχμαλώτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="khdeu%2Fsas">κηδεύσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="teteleuthko%2Ftas">τετελευτηκότας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunqei%5Cs">συνθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antipa%2Ftrw%7C">Ἀντιπάτρῳ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="o%29sta%3D">ὀστᾶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pallattome%2Fnwn">ἀπαλλαττομένων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="a%29mfie%2Fsas">ἀμφιέσας</w>, <w lemma="mikra%3D%7C">μικρᾷ</w> <w lemma="dapa%2Fnh%7C">δαπάνῃ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gxi%2Fnoian">ἀγχίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="kateirga%2Fsato:">κατειργάσατο·</w>
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="fro%2Fnhma">φρόνημα</w> <w lemma="kataplhca%2Fmenos">καταπληξάμενος</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fa%7C">μεγαλοψυχίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmous">ἑτοίμους</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%5C">ἀντὶ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>.
<w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandros">Ἀλέξανδρος</w>; <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnos">ἐκεῖνος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29corgisqei%5Cs">ἐξοργισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fois">Θηβαίοις</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kh%2Ftoras">οἰκήτορας</w> <w lemma="e%29candrapodi%2Fsasqai">ἐξανδραποδίσασθαι</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdafos">ἔδαφος</w> <w lemma="kataska%2Fyai">κατασκάψαι</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="qeou%5Cs">θεοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29sebei%2Fas">εὐσεβείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="w%29ligw%2Frhse">ὠλιγώρησε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2Flhyin">κατάληψιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>,
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fsthn">πλείστην</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fnoian">πρόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsion">ἀκούσιον</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Frthma">ἁμάρτημα</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="i%28era%5C">ἱερὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="teme%2Fnh">τεμένη</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="diaba%5Cs">διαβὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="meteporeu%2Feto">μετεπορεύετο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apersw%3Dn">Περσῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbeian">ἀσέβειαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="e%29peira%2Fqh">ἐπειράθη</w> <w lemma="labei%3Dn">λαβεῖν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkhn">δίκην</w> <w lemma="a%29ci%2Fan">ἀξίαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fnwn">πεπραγμένων</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qeoi%3Ds">θεοῖς</w> <w lemma="katapefhmisme%2Fnwn">καταπεφημισμένων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fsxeto">ἀπέσχετο</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apersw%3Dn">Περσῶν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="e%29camarto%2Fntwn">ἐξαμαρτόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpois">τόποις</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Atau%3Dt%27">Ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%3Dn">ἐχρῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippon">Φίλιππον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnonta">λαμβάνοντα</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fas">μεγαλοψυχίας</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fdoxon">διάδοχον</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29nadeiknu%2Fnai">ἀναδεικνύναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="klhrono%2Fmon">κληρονόμον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suggenh%5Cs">συγγενὴς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fnhtai">φαίνηται</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="spoudh%2Fn">σπουδήν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="zhlwth%5Cs">ζηλωτὴς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fxiston">ἐλάχιστον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>.
<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ndra%2Fsin">ἀνδράσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdeu%2Fwn">ἐπιτηδεύων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fas">ἐναντίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftuxe">ἔτυχε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w>
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<head>The Present Philip Compared to his Ancestors</head>Take again the case of Philip, the founder of the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note27">B. C. 338.</note>family splendour, and the first of the race to establish the greatness of the kingdom. The success which he obtained, after his victory over the Athenians at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>, was not due so much to his superiority in arms, as to his justice and humanity. His victory in the field gave him the mastery only over those immediately engaged against him; while his equity and moderation secured his hold upon the entire Athenian people and their city. For he did not allow his measures to be dictated by vindictive passion; but laid aside his arms and warlike<pb n="368" />measures, as soon as he found himself in a position to display the mildness of his temper and the uprightness of his motives. With this view he dismissed his Athenian prisoners without ransom, and took measures for the burial of those who had fallen, and, by the agency of Antipater, caused their bones to be conveyed home; and presented most of those whom he released with suits of clothes. And thus, at small expense, his prudence gained him a most important advantage. The pride of the Athenians was not proof against such magnanimity; and they became his zealous supporters, instead of antagonists, in all his schemes.Again in the case of Alexander the Great. He was so<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note28">B. C. 335.</note>enraged with the Thebans that he sold all the inhabitants of the town into slavery, and levelled the city itself with the ground; yet in making its capture he was careful not to outrage religion, and took the utmost precautions against even involuntary damage being done to the temples, or any part of their sacred enclosures. Once more, when he crossed into Asia, to avenge on the Persians the impious outrages which they had inflicted on the Greeks, he did his best to exact the full penalty from men, but refrained from injuring places dedicated to the gods; though it was in precisely such that the injuries of the Persians in Greece had been most conspicuous. These were the precedents which Philip should have called to mind on this occasion; and so have shown himself the successor and heir of these men,—not so much of their power, as of their principles and magnanimity.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note29">The subsequent decline in Philip's character.</note>But throughout his life he was exceedingly anxious to establish his relationship to Alexander and Philip, and yet took not the least pains to imitate them. The result was that, as he advanced in years, as his conduct differed from theirs, so his general reputation came to be different also.
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Walbank Commentary