Polybius, Histories

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Book 5 - Chapter 11

1
<w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w>, <w lemma="probai%2Fnwn">προβαίνων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w>. <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="praxqe%2Fn">πραχθέν</w>. <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29sebh%2Fmasi">ἀσεβήμασι</w> <w lemma="sunecamarta%2Fnwn">συνεξαμαρτάνων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="qumo%5Cn">θυμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3D%7C">κακῷ</w> <w lemma="kako%5Cn">κακὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29w%2Fmenos">ἰώμενος</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Ftopon">ἄτοπον</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpa%7C">Σκόπᾳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwrima%2Fxw%7C">Δωριμάχῳ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Flgeian">ἀσέλγειαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paranomi%2Fan">παρανομίαν</w> <w lemma="w%29nei%2Fdize">ὠνείδιζε</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Adwdw%2Fnh%7C">Δωδώνῃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2Fw%7C">Δίῳ</w> <w lemma="profero%2Fmenos">προφερόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbeian">ἀσέβειαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="qei%3Don:">θεῖον·</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w> <w lemma="poiw%3Dn">ποιῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ceto">ᾤετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fas">ὁμοίας</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="teu%2Fcesqai">τεύξεσθαι</w> <w lemma="do%2Fchs">δόξης</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsasi">ἀκούσασι</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="parairei%3Dsqai">παραιρεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katafqei%2Frein">καταφθείρειν</w> <w lemma="frou%2Fria">φρούρια</w>, <w lemma="lime%2Fnas">λιμένας</w>, <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>, <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w>, <w lemma="karpou%2Fs">καρπούς</w>, <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w> <w lemma="a%29sqeneste%2Frous">ἀσθενεστέρους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsai">ποιήσαι</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sfe%2Ftera">σφέτερα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="dunamikwte%2Fras">δυναμικωτέρας</w>, <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fzousin">ἀναγκάζουσιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmoi">νόμοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkaia">δίκαια</w> <w lemma="dra%3Dn:">δρᾶν·</w>
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<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fan">ἐπικουρίαν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllonta">μέλλοντα</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ntinou%3Dn">ἡντινοῦν</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fzein">παρασκευάζειν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttwsin">ἐλάττωσιν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29nestw%3Dta">ἐνεστῶτα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="perittou%3D">περιττοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="naou%2Fs">ναούς</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ndria%2Fntas">ἀνδριάντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%5Cn">κατασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="lumai%2Fnesqai">λυμαίνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fpoi">εἴποι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpou">τρόπου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="qumou%3D">θυμοῦ</w> <w lemma="luttw%3Dntos">λυττῶντος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w>;
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pwlei%2Fa%7C">ἀπωλείᾳ</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29fanismw%3D%7C">ἀφανισμῷ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoh%2Fsasi">ἀγνοήσασι</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqou%5Cs">ἀγαθοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="diorqw%2Fsei">διορθώσει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="metaqe%2Fsei">μεταθέσει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28marthme%2Fnwn">ἡμαρτημένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="sunanairei%3Dn">συναναιρεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikou%3Dnta">ἀδικοῦντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29dikhko%2Fsin">ἠδικηκόσιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sussw%2F%7Czein">συσσῴζειν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunecairei%3Dsqai">συνεξαιρεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29naiti%2Fois">ἀναιτίοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntas">δοκοῦντας</w> <w lemma="a%29dikei%3Dn">ἀδικεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dnta">ποιοῦντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbw%7C">φόβῳ</w> <w lemma="despo%2Fzein">δεσπόζειν</w> <w lemma="a%29kousi%2Fwn">ἀκουσίων</w>, <w lemma="misou%2Fmenon">μισούμενον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="misou%3Dnta">μισοῦντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28potattome%2Fnous:">ὑποταττομένους·</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="eu%29%3D">εὖ</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dnta">ποιοῦντα</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29ergesi%2Fan">εὐεργεσίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpi%2Fan">φιλανθρωπίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29gapw%2Fmenon">ἀγαπώμενον</w>, <w lemma="e%28ko%2Fntwn">ἑκόντων</w> <w lemma="h%28gei%3Dsqai">ἡγεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prostatei%3Dn">προστατεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Flista">Μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="katama%2Fqoi">καταμάθοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fan">ἁμαρτίαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w>, <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fna">τίνα</w> <w lemma="dia%2Flhyin">διάληψιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%5Cs">εἰκὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="ta%29nanti%2Fa">τἀναντία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rhme%2Fnois">εἰρημένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fprace">ἔπραξε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="stoa%5Cs">στοὰς</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndria%2Fntas">ἀνδριάντας</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeire">διέφθειρε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllo">ἄλλο</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29%7Cki%2Fsato">ᾐκίσατο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29naqhma%2Ftwn">ἀναθημάτων</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29gw%5C">ἐγὼ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dmai">οἶμαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="belti%2Fsthn">βελτίστην</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filanqrwpota%2Fthn">φιλανθρωποτάτην</w>, <w lemma="suneido%2Ftas">συνειδότας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%3Don">Δῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwdw%2Fnhn">Δωδώνην</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fna">πεπραγμένα</w>, <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ginw%2Fskontas">γινώσκοντας</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fq%27">ὅθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcai">πρᾶξαι</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="boulhqei%2Fh">βουληθείη</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcas">πράξας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="deino%2Ftata">δεινότατα</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fws">δικαίως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fkei">ἐδόκει</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="pepoihke%2Fnai">πεποιηκέναι</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros:">μέρος·</w>
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<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%7Co%2Fthta">πρᾳότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w>
<head>Philip's Crime and Blunder</head>The present affair was an instance of this. He imagined that he was doing nothing wrong in giving the rein to his anger, and retaliating upon the impious acts of the Aetolians by similar impieties, and "curing ill by ill"; and while he was always reproaching Scopas and Dorimachus with<pb n="369" />depravity and abandoned wickedness, on the grounds of their acts of impiety at Dodona and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Dium&groupId=542&placeId=1019">Dium</a>, he imagined that, while emulating their crimes, he would leave quite a different impression of his character in the minds of those to whom he spoke. But the fact is, that whereas the taking and demolishing an enemy's forts, harbours, cities, men, ships and crops, and other such things, by which our enemy is weakened, and our own interests and tactics supported, are necessary acts according to the laws and rights of war; to deface temples, statues, and such like erections in pure wantonness, and without any prospect of strengthening oneself or weakening the enemy, must be regarded as an act of blind passion and insanity. For the purpose with which good men wage war is not the destruction and annihilation of the wrongdoers, but the reformation and alteration of the wrongful acts. Nor is it their object to involve the innocent in the destruction of the guilty, but rather to see that those who are held to be guilty should share in the preservation and elevation of the guiltless. It is the act of a tyrant to inflict injury, and so to maintain his power over unwilling subjects by terror,—hated, and hating those under him: but it is the glory of a king to secure, by doing good to all, that he should rule over willing subjects, whose love he has earned by humanity and beneficence.But the best way of appreciating the gravity of Philip's<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note30">The error of such sacrilege as a matter of policy.</note>mistake is to put before our eyes the idea which the Aetolians would probably have conceived of him, had he acted in an opposite way, and destroyed neither colonnades nor statutes, nor done injury to any of the sacred offerings. For my part I think it would have been one of the greatest goodness and humanity. For they would have had on their consciences their own acts at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Dium&groupId=542&placeId=1019">Dium</a> and Dodona; and would have seen unmistakably that, whereas Philip was absolutely master of the situation, and could do what he chose, and would have been held fully justified as far as their deserts went in taking the severest measures, yet deliberately, from mere gentleness and magnanimity, he refused to copy their conduct in any respect.