Polybius, Histories

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Book 5 - Chapter 64

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<w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnh">γένη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w> <w lemma="dielo%2Fntes">διελόντες</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fdosan">ἀνέδοσαν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pithdei%2Fous">ἐπιτηδείους</w> <w lemma="kaqoplismou%2Fs">καθοπλισμούς</w>, <w lemma="o%29ligwrh%2Fsantes">ὀλιγωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn:">ὑπαρχόντων·</w>
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sune%2Ftacan">συνέταξαν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fws">οἰκείως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parou%3Dsan">παροῦσαν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w>, <w lemma="lu%2Fsantes">λύσαντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="susth%2Fmata">συστήματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="o%29ywniasmw%3Dn">ὀψωνιασμῶν</w> <w lemma="katagrafa%2Fs:">καταγραφάς·</w>
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<w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29gu%2Fmnazon">ἐγύμναζον</w>, <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeis">συνήθεις</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstous">ἑκάστους</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dntes">ποιοῦντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="paragge%2Flmasin">παραγγέλμασιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fais">οἰκείαις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqoplismw%3Dn">καθοπλισμῶν</w> <w lemma="kinh%2Fsesin">κινήσεσιν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunagwga%5Cs">συναγωγὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraklh%2Fseis">παρακλήσεις</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="parei%2Fxonto">παρείχοντο</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29andro%2Fmaxos">Ἀνδρόμαχος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aspe%2Fndios">Ἀσπένδιος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Apolukra%2Fths">Πολυκράτης</w> <w lemma="%2A%29argei%3Dos">Ἀργεῖος</w>,
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<w lemma="prosfa%2Ftws">προσφάτως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fdos">Ἑλλάδος</w> <w lemma="diabebhko%2Ftes">διαβεβηκότες</w>, <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeis">συνήθεις</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29kmh%5Cn">ἀκμὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellhnikai%3Ds">Ἑλληνικαῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds">ὁρμαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstwn">ἑκάστων</w> <w lemma="e%29pinoi%2Fais">ἐπινοίαις</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanei%3Ds">ἐπιφανεῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontes">ὑπάρχοντες</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fsi">πατρίσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fois">βίοις</w>,
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<w lemma="%2Apolukra%2Fths">Πολυκράτης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w> <w lemma="a%29rxaio%2Fthta">ἀρχαιότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amnasia%2Fdou">Μνασιάδου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="patro%5Cs">πατρὸς</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29qlh%2Fsews">ἀθλήσεως</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="parakalou%3Dntes">παρακαλοῦντες</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqumi%2Fan">προθυμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29neirga%2Fsanto">ἐνειργάσαντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllonta">μέλλοντα</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fn">κίν</w>
<head>Training of Soldiers</head>Their first measure was to divide them according to their country and age, and to assign to each division its appropriate arms, taking no account of what they had borne<pb n="416" />before.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note124">Reorganisation of the army.</note>Next they broke up their battalions and muster-rolls, which had been formed on the basis of their old system of pay, and formed them into companies adapted to the immediate purpose. Having effected this they began to drill the men; habituating them severally not only to obey the words of command, but also to the proper management of their weapons.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note125">See Professor Mahaffy,<title>Greek Life and Thought.</title>p. 405, who points out that this refers to the Egyptian troops especially, whose old military castes (see<bibl n="Hdt. 2.164" default="NO" valid="yes">Herod. 2, 164-6</bibl>) though not extinct had forgotten their old skill. In a sense, however, it applies to both kinds of troops; for they had to be trained to act<emph>together,</emph>as is shown in the next chapter.</note>They also frequently summoned general meetings at headquarters, and delivered speeches to the men. The most useful in this respect were <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Andromachus&groupId=330&placeId=640">Andromachus</a> of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Aspendus&groupId=373&placeId=704">Aspendus</a> and Polycrates of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argos&groupId=361&placeId=689">Argos</a>; because they had recently crossed from Greece, and were still thoroughly imbued with the Greek spirit, and the military ideas prevalent in the several states. Moreover, they were illustrious on the score of their private wealth, as well as on that of their respective countries; to which advantages Polycrates added those of an ancient family, and of the reputation obtained by his father Mnasiades as an athlete. By private and public exhortations these officers inspired their men with a zeal and enthusiasm for the struggle which awaited them.