<w lemma="%2Adoca%2Fntwn">Δοξάντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="dielu%2Fqhsan">διελύθησαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis:">πόλεις·</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basilei%3D">βασιλεῖ</w> <w lemma="bouleuome%2Fnw%7C">βουλευομένῳ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w>, <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="sunh%3Dlqon">συνῆλθον</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="paraxeimasi%2Fas">παραχειμασίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fdoce">ἔδοξε</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fpeisto">ἐπέπειστο</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnws">μόνως</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dunh%2Fsesqai">δυνήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifai%2Fnesqai">ἐπιφαίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkist%27">ἥκιστ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="parabohqei%3Dn">παραβοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w>,
<w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="diespasme%2Fnous">διεσπασμένους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Frais">χώραις</w>, <w lemma="dedio%2Ftas">δεδιότας</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstous">ἑκάστους</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="sfw%3Dn">σφῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29dhlo%2Fthta">ἀδηλότητα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxos">τάχος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fas">παρουσίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn:">πολεμίων·</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fous">Ἠλείους</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemos">πόλεμος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w>.
<w lemma="kriqe%2Fntwn">κριθέντων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>, <w lemma="h%28%2Fqroize">ἥθροιζε</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="nh%3Das">νῆας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Ale%2Fxaion">Λέχαιον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunexei%3Ds">συνεχεῖς</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29napei%2Fras">ἀναπείρας</w> <w lemma="e%29gu%2Fmnaze">ἐγύμναζε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="falaggi%2Ftas">φαλαγγίτας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunei%2Fqize">συνείθιζε</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29resi%2Fais">εἰρεσίαις</w>, <w lemma="proqu%2Fmws">προθύμως</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraggello%2Fmenon">παραγγελλόμενον</w> <w lemma="sunupakouo%2Fntwn">συνυπακουόντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn:">Μακεδόνων·</w>
<w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="gh%3D%7C">γῇ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w> <w lemma="gennaio%2Ftatoi">γενναιότατοι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w> <w lemma="e%28toimo%2Ftatoi">ἑτοιμότατοι</w>, <w lemma="leitourgoi%2F">λειτουργοί</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tafrei%2Fas">ταφρείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xarakopoii%2Fas">χαρακοποιίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fan">ταλαιπωρίαν</w> <w lemma="filoponw%2Ftatoi%2F">φιλοπονώτατοί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w>,
<w lemma="oi%28%2Fous">οἵους</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hsi%2Fodos">Ἡσίοδος</w> <w lemma="pareisa%2Fgei">παρεισάγει</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29aki%2Fdas">Αἰακίδας</w>, <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="kexarho%2Ftas">κεχαρηότας</w> <w lemma="h%29u+%2Fte">ἠΰτε</w> <w lemma="daiti%2F">δαιτί</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Akori%2Fnqw%7C">Κορίνθῳ</w> <w lemma="die%2Ftribe">διέτριβε</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fskhsin">ἄσκησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenos:">γινόμενος·</w>
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apellh%3Ds">Ἀπελλῆς</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pikratei%3Dn">ἐπικρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmenos">δυνάμενος</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frein">φέρειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttwsin">ἐλάττωσιν</w> <w lemma="parorw%2Fmenos">παρορώμενος</w>, <w lemma="poiei%3Dtai">ποιεῖται</w> <w lemma="sunwmosi%2Fan">συνωμοσίαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleo%2Fntion">Λεόντιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amegale%2Fan">Μεγαλέαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="sumparo%2Fntas">συμπαρόντας</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29qelokakei%3Dn">ἐθελοκακεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lumai%2Fnesqai">λυμαίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xwrisqei%5Cs">χωρισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Axalki%2Fda">Χαλκίδα</w> <w lemma="fronti%2Fzein">φροντίζειν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mhdamo%2Fqen">μηδαμόθεν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="xorhgi%2Fa">χορηγία</w> <w lemma="paragi%2Fnhtai">παραγίνηται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs">ἐπιβολάς</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dta">τοιαῦτα</w> <w lemma="sunqe%2Fmenos">συνθέμενος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakotropeusa%2Fmenos">κακοτροπευσάμενος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%3Dren">ἀπῆρεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Axalki%2Fda">Χαλκίδα</w>; <w lemma="skh%2Fyeis">σκήψεις</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgous">εὐλόγους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="porisa%2Fmenos:">πορισάμενος·</w>
<w lemma="ka%29kei%3D">κἀκεῖ</w> <w lemma="diatri%2Fbwn">διατρίβων</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="e%29th%2Frei">ἐτήρει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkous">ὅρκους</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="peiqarxou%2Fntwn">πειθαρχούντων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="progegenhme%2Fnhn">προγεγενημένην</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkasqh%3Dnai">ἀναγκασθῆναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pori%2Fan">ἀπορίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fxura">ἐνέχυρα</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fnta">τιθέντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="a%29rgurwma%2Ftwn">ἀργυρωμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diagwgh%2Fn">διαγωγήν</w>.
<w lemma="h%28qroisme%2Fnwn">ἡθροισμένων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ploi%2Fwn">πλοίων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29resi%2Fais">εἰρεσίαις</w> <w lemma="kathrtisme%2Fnwn">κατηρτισμένων</w>, <w lemma="sitometrh%2Fsas">σιτομετρήσας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="misqodoth%2Fsas">μισθοδοτήσας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%2Fxqh">ἀνήχθη</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kath%3Dre">κατῆρε</w> <w lemma="deuterai%3Dos">δευτεραῖος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Ftras">Πάτρας</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnas">Μακεδόνας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fous">ἑξακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w>.
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<head>Philip Decides to Fight at Sea</head>Having passed this decree, the Achaeans dispersed to<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note6">The king prepares to carry on the war by sea.</note>their various cities. And now the king's forces mustered again from their winter quarters; and after deliberations with his friends, Philip decided to transfer the war to the sea. For he had become convinced that it was only by so doing that he would himself be able to surprise the enemy at all points at once, and would best deprive them of the opportunity of coming to each others' relief; as they were widely scattered, and each would be in alarm for their own safety, because the approach of an enemy by sea is so silent and rapid. For he was at war with three separate nations,—Aetolians, Lacedaemonians, and Eleans.Having arrived at this decision, he ordered the ships of the Achaeans as well as his own to muster at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lechaeum&groupId=675&placeId=1234">Lechaeum</a>; and there he made continual experiments in practising the soldiers of the phalanx to the use of the oar. The Macedonians answered to his instructions with ready enthusiasm; for they are in fact the most gallant soldiers on the field of battle, the promptest to undertake service at sea if need be, and the most laborious workers at digging trenches, making palisades, and all such engineering work, in the world: just such as Hesiod describes the Aeacidae to be<quote><l>"Joying in war as in a feast."</l></quote><note anchored="yes" resp="aem" place="unspecified" id="note7">Fragment from the<title>Catalogs of Women</title>.</note><pb n="360" />The king, then, and the main body of the Macedonian army, remained in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinth&groupId=493&placeId=928">Corinth</a>, busied with these practisings and preparations for taking the sea.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">Fresh intrigue of Apelles.</note>But Apelles, being neither able to retain an ascendency over Philip, nor to submit to the loss of influence which resulted from this disregard, entered into a conspiracy with Leontius and Megaleas, by which it was agreed that these two men should stay on the spot and damage the king's service by deliberate neglect; while he went to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a>, and contrived that no supplies should be brought the king from thence for the promotion of his designs. Having made this arrangement and mischievous stipulation with these two men, Apelles set out for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a>, having found some false pretexts to satisfy the king as to his departure. And while protracting his stay there, he carried out his sworn agreement with such determination, that, as all men obeyed him because of this former credit, the king was at last reduced by want of money to pawn some of the silverplate used at his own table, to carry on his affairs.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note9">Philip starts on his naval expedition, B. C. 218.</note>However, when the ships were all collected, and the Macedonian soldiers already well trained to the oar; the king, giving out rations of corn and pay to the army, put to sea, and arrived at Patrae on the second day, with six thousand Macedonians and twelve hundred mercenaries.
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Walbank Commentary