Polybius, Histories

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Book 5 - Chapter 3

1
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Adwri%2Fmaxos">Δωρίμαχος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29age%2Flaon">Ἀγέλαον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpan">Σκόπαν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fois">Ἠλείοις</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aneokrh%2Ftwn">Νεοκρήτων</w> <w lemma="pentakosi%2Fwn:">πεντακοσίων·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%3Doi">Ἠλεῖοι</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Ftes">δεδιότες</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akullh%2Fnhn">Κυλλήνην</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="e%29piba%2Flhtai">ἐπιβάληται</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w>, <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqroizon">συνήθροιζον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="politikou%5Cs">πολιτικοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28toi%2Fmazon">ἡτοίμαζον</w>, <w lemma="w%29xurou%3Dnto">ὠχυροῦντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akullh%2Fnhn">Κυλλήνην</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="ble%2Fpwn">βλέπων</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Fs">τούς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Akrhtw%3Dn">Κρητῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatikw%3Dn">Γαλατικῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="tina%2Fs">τινάς</w>, <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axai+%2Fas">Ἀχαΐας</w> <w lemma="e%29pile%2Fktwn">ἐπιλέκτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fsas">ἁθροίσας</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Adumai%2Fwn">Δυμαίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fleipen">κατέλειπεν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fas">ἐφεδρείας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontas">ἔχοντας</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="profulakh%3Ds">προφυλακῆς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fas">Ἠλείας</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w>.
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<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="gegrafw%5Cs">γεγραφὼς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fois">Μεσσηνίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirw%2Ftais">Ἠπειρώταις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akarna%3Dsi">Ἀκαρνᾶσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Askerdilai+%2Fda%7C">Σκερδιλαΐδᾳ</w>, <w lemma="plhrou%3Dn">πληροῦν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstois">ἑκάστοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="ploi%3Da">πλοῖα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunanta%3Dn">συναντᾶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akefallhni%2Fan">Κεφαλληνίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29naxqei%5Cs">ἀναχθεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apatrw%3Dn">Πατρῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fntacin">σύνταξιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fplei">ἔπλει</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fsxe">προσέσχε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akefallhni%2Fas">Κεφαλληνίας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Apro%2Fnnous">Πρόννους</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28rw%3Dn">ὁρῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%2F">τό</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="polisma%2Ftion">πολισμάτιον</w> [<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Apro%2Fnnous">Πρόννους</w>] <w lemma="duspolio%2Frkhton">δυσπολιόρκητον</w> <w lemma="o%29%5Cn">ὂν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="stenh%2Fn">στενήν</w>, <w lemma="pare%2Fplei">παρέπλει</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flw%7C">στόλῳ</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqwrmi%2Fsqh">καθωρμίσθη</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apalaiw%3Dn">Παλαιῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.
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<w lemma="sunidw%5Cn">συνιδὼν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fmousan">γέμουσαν</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnhn">δυναμένην</w> <w lemma="tre%2Ffein">τρέφειν</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbiba%2Fsas">ἐκβιβάσας</w> <w lemma="prosestratope%2Fdeuse">προσεστρατοπέδευσε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="sunormi%2Fsas">συνορμίσας</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffrw%7C">τάφρῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraki">χάρακι</w> <w lemma="perie%2Flabe">περιέλαβε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnas">Μακεδόνας</w> <w lemma="e%29fh%3Dke">ἐφῆκε</w> <w lemma="sitologei%3Dn">σιτολογεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="perih%2F%7Cei">περιῄει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29piskopw%3Dn">ἐπισκοπῶν</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="prosa%2Fgein">προσάγειν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frga">ἔργα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxei">τείχει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhxana%2Fs">μηχανάς</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prosde%2Fcasqai">προσδέξασθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29celei%3Dn">ἐξελεῖν</w>,
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<w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="pare%2Flhtai">παρέληται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkaiota%2Fthn">ἀναγκαιοτάτην</w> <w lemma="u%28phresi%2Fan">ὑπηρεσίαν</w> — <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akefallh%2Fnwn">Κεφαλλήνων</w> <w lemma="nausi%5C">ναυσὶ</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenoi">χρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fs">τάς</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Apelopo%2Fnnhson">Πελοπόννησον</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fseis">διαβάσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirwtw%3Dn">Ἠπειρωτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akarna%2Fnwn">Ἀκαρνάνων</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqoun">ἐπόρθουν</w> <w lemma="parali%2Fas">παραλίας</w> —
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<w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fsh%7C">παρασκευάσῃ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w>, <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fsh%7C">παρασκευάσῃ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="o%28rmhth%2Frion">ὁρμητήριον</w> <w lemma="eu%29fue%5Cs">εὐφυὲς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Akefallhni%2Fa">Κεφαλληνία</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akorinqiako%5Cn">Κορινθιακὸν</w> <w lemma="ko%2Flpon">κόλπον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeliko%5Cn">Σικελικὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29natei%2Fnousa">ἀνατείνουσα</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29pi%2Fkeitai">ἐπίκειται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsou">Πελοποννήσου</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frkton">ἄρκτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28spe%2Fran">ἑσπέραν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresi">μέρεσι</w> <w lemma="keklime%2Fnois">κεκλιμένοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fwn">Ἠλείων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fra%7C">χώρᾳ</w>, <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpei%2Frou">Ἠπείρου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twli%2Fas">Αἰτωλίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29akarnani%2Fas">Ἀκαρνανίας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fan">μεσημβρίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresin">μέρεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29stramme%2Fnois">ἐστραμμένοις</w>.
<head>Philip In Cephallenia</head>Just at that time the Aetolian Strategus Dorimachus sent Agelaus and Scopas with five hundred Neo-Cretans<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note10"><foreign lang="greek">Νεοκρῆτες,</foreign>cf. cc.<ref target="b5c65" targOrder="U">65</ref>,<ref target="b5c79" targOrder="U">79</ref>. Livy (<bibl n="Liv. 37.40" default="NO" valid="yes">37, 40</bibl>) transcribes the word<foreign lang="la">Neocretes.</foreign>It is uncertain what the exact meaning of the word is. It seems most reasonable to suppose that, like Tarentini, it had ceased to be an ethical term, and meant mercenary soldiers (<foreign lang="greek">νέοι</foreign>) armed like Cretans, that is, as archers.</note>into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Elis&groupId=560&placeId=1048">Elis</a>; while the Eleans, in fear of Philip's attempting the siege of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyllene&groupId=515&placeId=972">Cyllene</a>, were collecting mercenaries, preparing their own citizens, and carefully strengthening the defences of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyllene&groupId=515&placeId=972">Cyllene</a>. When Philip saw what was going on, he stationed a force at Dyme, consisting of the Achaean-mercenaries, some of the Cretans serving with him, and some of the Gallic horse, together with two thousand picked Achaean infantry. These he left there as a reserve, as well as an advance guard to prevent the danger of an attack from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Elis&groupId=560&placeId=1048">Elis</a>; while he himself, having first written to the Acarnanians and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Scerdilaidas&groupId=953&placeId=1692">Scerdilaidas</a>, that each of<pb n="361" />their towns should man such vessels as they had and meet him at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cephallenia&groupId=450&placeId=838">Cephallenia</a>, put to sea from Patrae at the time arranged, and arrived off <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pronni&groupId=915&placeId=1643">Pronni</a> in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cephallenia&groupId=450&placeId=838">Cephallenia</a>. But when he saw that this fortress was difficult to besiege, and its position a contracted one, he coasted past it with his fleet and came to anchor at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Palus&groupId=830&placeId=1500">Palus</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note11">The siege of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Palus&groupId=830&placeId=1500">Palus</a>.</note>Finding that the country there was full of corn and capable of supporting an army, he disembarked his troops and encamped close to the city: and having beached his ships close together, secured them with a trench and palisade, and sent out his Macedonian soldiers to forage. He himself made a personal inspection of the town, to see how he could bring his siege-works and artillery to bear upon the wall. He wished to be able to use the place as a rendezvous for his allies; but he was also desirous of taking it: first, because he would thereby deprive the Aetolians of their most useful support,—for it was by means of Cephallenian ships that they made their descents upon the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, and ravaged the sea-boards of Epirus and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Acarnania&groupId=270&placeId=527">Acarnania</a>,—and, secondly, that he might secure for himself and his allies a convenient base of operations against the enemy's territory. For <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cephallenia&groupId=450&placeId=838">Cephallenia</a> lies exactly opposite the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corinthian Gulf&groupId=494&placeId=929">Corinthian Gulf</a>, in the direction of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicilian Sea&groupId=972&placeId=1723">Sicilian Sea</a>, and commands the northwestern district of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, and especially <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Elis&groupId=560&placeId=1048">Elis</a>; as well as the south-western parts of Epirus, Aetolia, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Acarnania&groupId=270&placeId=527">Acarnania</a>.