<w lemma="%2Ato%5C">Τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftou">Ἀράτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="newte%2Frou">νεωτέρου</w> <w lemma="strathgi%2Fan">στρατηγίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftos">ἔτος</w> <w lemma="e%29tu%2Fgxane">ἐτύγχανε</w> <w lemma="dielhluqo%5Cs">διεληλυθὸς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Apleia%2Fdos">Πλειάδος</w> <w lemma="e%29pitolh%2Fn:">ἐπιτολήν·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dge">ἦγε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29peti%2Fqeto">ἀπετίθετο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29eph%2Fratos">Ἐπήρατος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parela%2Fmbane">παρελάμβανε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fan:">ἡγεμονίαν·</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwri%2Fmaxos">Δωρίμαχος</w> <w lemma="e%29strath%2Fgei">ἐστρατήγει</w>.
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxome%2Fnhs">ἀρχομένης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qerei%2Fas">θερείας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kfanw%3Ds">ἐκφανῶς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="a%29neilhfw%2Fs">ἀνειληφώς</w>, <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsas">ὁρμήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Akainh%3Ds">Καινῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diaba%5Cs">διαβὰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhra">Ἴβηρα</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29nh%2Frxeto">ἐνήρχετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds">ἐπιβολῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fas">πορείας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan:">Ἰταλίαν·</w>
<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frion">Τεβέριον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Asemprw%2Fnion">Σεμπρώνιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhn">Λιβύην</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplion">Πόπλιον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akornh%2Flion">Κορνήλιον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fstellon:">ἐξαπέστελλον·</w>
<w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w>, <w lemma="a%29pegnwko%2Ftes">ἀπεγνωκότες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="presbei%2Fas">πρεσβείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgw%7C">λόγῳ</w> <w lemma="dieca%2Fgein">διεξάγειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi%2Flhs">Κοίλης</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fas">Συρίας</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbh%2Fthsin">ἀμφισβήτησιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29nh%2Frxonto">ἐνήρχοντο</w> <w lemma="polemei%3Dn">πολεμεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w>, <w lemma="e%29ndeh%5Cs">ἐνδεὴς</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xrhma%2Ftwn">χρημάτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w>, <w lemma="sunh%3Dge">συνῆγε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fan">ἐκκλησίαν</w>.
<w lemma="a%28qroisqe%2Fntos">ἁθροισθέντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgion">Αἴγιον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w>, <w lemma="o%28rw%3Dn">ὁρῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w> <w lemma="e%29qelokakou%3Dntas">ἐθελοκακοῦντας</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxairesi%2Fas">ἀρχαιρεσίας</w> <w lemma="gegenhme%2Fnhn">γεγενημένην</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apellh%3Dn">Ἀπελλῆν</w> <w lemma="kakopragmosu%2Fnhn">κακοπραγμοσύνην</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29eph%2Fraton">Ἐπήρατον</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fprakton">ἄπρακτον</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsei">φύσει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataginwsko%2Fmenon">καταγινωσκόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w>,
<w lemma="sullogisa%2Fmenos">συλλογισάμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgnoian">ἄγνοιαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apellh%3Dn">Ἀπελλῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleo%2Fntion">Λεόντιον</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinen">ἔκρινεν</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="a%29nte%2Fxesqai">ἀντέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w>.
<w lemma="pei%2Fsas">πείσας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontas">ἄρχοντας</w> <w lemma="metagagei%3Dn">μεταγαγεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fan">ἐκκλησίαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuw%3Dna">Σικυῶνα</w>, <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="presbu%2Fteron">πρεσβύτερον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="new%2Fteron">νεώτερον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w> <w lemma="a%29naqei%5Cs">ἀναθεὶς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apellh%3Dn">Ἀπελλῆν</w>, <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnein">μένειν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sugkataqeme%2Fnwn">συγκαταθεμένων</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmws">ἑτοίμως</w>, <w lemma="ei%29selqw%5Cn">εἰσελθὼν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%5Cs">Ἀχαιοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenos">χρησάμενος</w> <w lemma="sunergoi%3Ds">συνεργοῖς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fprace">κατέπραξε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%2Fn">ἐπιβολήν</w>.
<w lemma="penth%2Fkonta">πεντήκοντα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdoce">ἔδοξε</w> <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%3Ds">Ἀχαιοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="a%29nazugh%5Cn">ἀναζυγὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dsi">δοῦσι</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="trimh%2Fnou">τριμήνου</w> <w lemma="misqodoth%3Dsai">μισθοδοτῆσαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="prosqei%3Dnai">προσθεῖναι</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas:">μυριάδας·</w>
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipo%2Fn">λοιπόν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="parw%5Cn">παρὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsw%7C">Πελοποννήσῳ</w> <w lemma="sumpolemh%3D%7C">συμπολεμῇ</w>, <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="mhno%5Cs">μηνὸς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakai%2Fdeka">ἑπτακαίδεκα</w>.
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<head>The Situation in the Summer of B. C. 218</head>THE year of office as Strategus of the younger Aratus had<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note1">May, B. C. 218.</note>now come to an end with the rising of the Pleiades; for that was the arrangement of time then observed by the Achaeans.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note2">From<ref target="b4c6" targOrder="U">4, 6</ref>, it appears that the election took place at the rising of the Pleiads (13th May) and that the new Strategus did not enter upon his office until some time afterwards, towards the middle of June or even midsummer. But the custom apparently varied, and the use of<foreign lang="greek">τότε</foreign>seems to indicate a change.</note>Accordingly he laid down his office and was succeeded in the command of the Achaeans by Eperatus; Dorimachus being still Strategus of the Aetolians.It was at the beginning of this summer that Hannibal entered upon open war with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>; started from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=New Carthage&groupId=791&placeId=1430">New Carthage</a>; and crossing the Iber, definitely began his expedition and march into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>; while the Romans despatched Tiberius Sempronius to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> with an army, and Publius Cornelius to Iberia.This year, too, Antiochus and Ptolemy, abandoning diplomacy, and the support of their mutual claims upon <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coele-Syria&groupId=484&placeId=908">Coele-Syria</a> by negotiation, began actual war with each other.As for Philip, being in need of corn and money for his<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note3">Recognition of Philip's services by the assembly of the Achaean league.</note>army, he summoned the Achaeans to a general assembly by means of their magistrates. When the assembly had met, according to the federal law, at Aegium,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note4">Later on the assembles were held at the different cities in turn. See<ref target="b23c17" targOrder="U">23, 17</ref>;<ref target="b24c10" targOrder="U">24, 10</ref>, etc.</note>the king saw that Aratus and his son were indisposed to act for him, because of the intrigues against them in the matter of the election, which had been carried on by Apelles; and that Eperatus was naturally inefficient, and an object of general contempt. These<pb n="359" />facts convinced the king of the folly of Apelles and Leontius, and he once more decided to stand by Aratus. He therefore persuaded the magistrates to transfer the assembly to Sicyon; and there inviting both the elder and younger Aratus to an interview, he laid the blame of all that had happened upon Apelles, and urged them to maintain their original policy. Receiving a ready consent from them, he then entered the Achaean assembly, and being energetically supported by these two statesmen, carried all the measures that he desired. For the Achaeans past<note anchored="yes" resp="fww" place="unspecified" id="note5">line 10: "past" should read "passed".</note>a vote decreeing "that five hundred talents should be paid to the king at once for his last campaign; that three months' pay should be given to his army, and ten thousand medimni of corn: and that, for the future, so long as the king should remain in the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a> as their ally in the war, he should receive seventeen talents a month from the Achaeans.
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Walbank Commentary