Polybius, Histories

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Book 36 - Chapter 3

1
<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="bouleuome%2Fnwn">βουλευομένων</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29panth%3Dsai">ἀπαντῆσαι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fkrisin">ἀπόκρισιν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itukai%2Fwn">Ἰτυκαίων</w> <w lemma="u%28potemome%2Fnwn">ὑποτεμομένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fnoian">ἐπίνοιαν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fntwn">παραδόντων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="o%28losxerh%5Cs">ὁλοσχερὴς</w> <w lemma="a%29mhxani%2Fa">ἀμηχανία</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fsth">περιέστη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpous">ἀνθρώπους</w>.
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<w lemma="mia%3Ds">μιᾶς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="fainome%2Fnhs">φαινομένης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="sugkatabai%3Den">συγκαταβαῖεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dnai">δοῦναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntws">πάντως</w> <w lemma="eu%29dokei%3Dn">εὐδοκεῖν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsousi">ποιήσουσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>,
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<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstais">μεγίσταις</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsesin">περιστάσεσιν</w> <w lemma="katapolemhqe%2Fntes">καταπολεμηθέντες</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxesi">τείχεσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn">ὑπαρχόντων</w>, <w lemma="mhde%2Fpote">μηδέποτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="dedwke%2Fnai">δεδωκέναι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pinoi%2Fas">ἐπινοίας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="karpo%5Cn">καρπὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbalon">ἀπέβαλον</w>, <w lemma="prokatalhfqe%2Fntes">προκαταληφθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itukai%2Fwn:">Ἰτυκαίων·</w>
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<w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ce%2Fnon">ξένον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocon">παράδοξον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmelle">ἔμελλε</w> <w lemma="fanh%2Fsesqai">φανήσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="tau%29to%5Cn">ταὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsaien">ποιήσαιεν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Dn">κακῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%28re%2Fsews">αἱρέσεως</w> <w lemma="kataleipome%2Fnhs">καταλειπομένης</w>, <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="a%29nade%2Fxesqai">ἀναδέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnai">διδόναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%2Fs">αὑτούς</w>,
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<w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poiki%2Flous">ποικίλους</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="sunedri%2Fw%7C">συνεδρίῳ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29porrh%2Ftwn">ἀπορρήτων</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="au%29tokra%2Ftoras">αὐτοκράτορας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fstellon">ἐξαπέστελλον</w>, <w lemma="do%2Fntes">δόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ntolh%5Cn">ἐντολὴν</w> <w lemma="ble%2Fpontas">βλέποντας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fnta">παρόντα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dn">δοκοῦν</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Frein">συμφέρειν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdi">πατρίδι</w>,
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<w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="presbeu%2Fontes">πρεσβεύοντες</w> <w lemma="%2Agi%2Fskwn">Γίσκων</w> <w lemma="%2Astruta%2Fnos">Στρυτάνος</w> <w lemma="e%29pikalou%2Fmenos">ἐπικαλούμενος</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkas">Ἀμίλκας</w>, <w lemma="%2Ami%2Fsdhs">Μίσδης</w>, <w lemma="%2Agilli%2Fmas">Γιλλίμας</w>, <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fgwn">Μάγων</w>.
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<w lemma="h%28%2Fkontes">ἥκοντες</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katalabo%2Fntes">καταλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="dedogme%2Fnon">δεδογμένον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="strathgou%5Cs">στρατηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="w%28rmhko%2Ftas">ὡρμηκότας</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29ke%2Fti">οὐκέτι</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fntwn">διδόντων</w> <w lemma="boulh%5Cn">βουλὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fdwkan">ἔδωκαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitroph%5Cn">ἐπιτροπὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w>.
<head>War With <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> Resolved Upon</head>When the Carthaginians had been some time deliberating<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note5">B. C. 149. Utica puts itself under the protection of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.</note>how they should meet the message from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> they were reduced to a state of the utmost embarrassment by the people of Utica anticipating their design by putting themselves under the protection of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. This seemed their only hope of safety left: and they imagined that such a step must win them favour at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>: for to submit to put themselves and their country under control was a thing which they had never done even in their darkest hour of danger and defeat, with the enemy at their very walls.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note6">Carthaginian plenipotentiaries at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.</note>And now they had lost all the fruit of this resolve by being anticipated by the people of Utica; for it would appear nothing novel or strange to the Romans if they only did the same as that people. Accordingly, with a choice of two evils only<pb n="501" />left, to accept war with courage or to surrender their independence, after a long and anxious discussion held secretly in the Senate-house, they appointed two ambassadors with plenary powers, and instructed them, that, in view of the existing state of things, they should do what seemed for the advantage of their country. The names of these envoys were Gisco Strytanus, Hamilcar, Misdes, Gillimas, and Mago. When they reached <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, they found war already decreed and the generals actually started with their forces. Circumstances, therefore, no longer giving them any power of deliberating, they offered an unconditional surrender.