Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 30

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<w lemma="%2Atou%2Ftwn">Τούτων</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftwn">τοιούτων</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn">ὑπαρχόντων</w>, <w lemma="o%28mologou%2Fmenon">ὁμολογούμενον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ka%29kei%3Dno">κἀκεῖνο</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="%2Azakanqai%3Doi">Ζακανθαῖοι</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fosin">πλείοσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftesin">ἔτεσιν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29dedw%2Fkeisan">ἐδεδώκεισαν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>.
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<w lemma="shmei%3Don">σημεῖον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="o%28mologou%2Fmenon">ὁμολογούμενον</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="stasia%2Fsantes">στασιάσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2Azakanqai%3Doi">Ζακανθαῖοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftreyan">ἐπέτρεψαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29ggu%5Cs">ἐγγὺς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="pratto%2Fntwn">πραττόντων</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsanto">ἐποιήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kato%2Frqwsin">κατόρθωσιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaka%2Fnqhs">Ζακάνθης</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Fleian">ἀπώλειαν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fqhsi">τίθησι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w>, <w lemma="sugxwrhte%2Fon">συγχωρητέον</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="e%29cenhnoxe%2Fnai">ἐξενηνοχέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Alutati%2Fou">Λυτατίου</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w>, <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fbou">Ἀσδρούβου</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="diabai%2Fnein">διαβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhra">Ἴβηρα</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous:">Καρχηδονίους·</w>
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fnos">Σαρδόνος</w> <w lemma="a%29fai%2Fresin">ἀφαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fmata">χρήματα</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntws">πάντως</w> <w lemma="o%28mologhte%2Fon">ὁμολογητέον</w> <w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgws">εὐλόγως</w> <w lemma="pepolemhke%2Fnai">πεπολεμηκέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous:">Καρχηδονίους·</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="peisqe%2Fntes">πεισθέντες</w> <w lemma="h%29mu%2Fnonto">ἠμύνοντο</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fyantas">βλάψαντας</w>.
<head>Both Sides Are in the Wrong</head>These things being so, they argued that it was beyond controversy that <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a> had accepted the protection of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, several years before the time of Hannibal. The strongest proof of this, and one which would not be contested by the Carthaginians themselves, was that, when political disturbances broke out at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a>, the people chose the Romans, and not the Carthaginians, as arbitrators to settle the dispute and restore their constitution, although the latter were close at hand and were already established in Iberia.I conclude, then, that if the destruction of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a> is to<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note53">Mutual provocation.</note>be regarded as the cause of this war, the Carthaginians must be acknowledged to be in the wrong, both in view of the treaty of Lutatius, which secured immunity from attack for the allies of both parties, and in view of the treaty of Hasdrubal, which disabled the Carthaginians from passing the Iber with arms.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note54"><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a> of course is south of the Iber, but the attack on it by Hannibal was a breach of the former of the two treaties. Livy (<bibl n="Liv. 21.1" default="NO" valid="yes">21, 2</bibl>) seems to assert that it was specially exempted from attack in the treaty with Hasdrubal.</note>If on the other hand the taking <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a> from them, and imposing the heavy money fine which accompanied it, are to<pb n="192" />be regarded as the causes, we must certainly acknowledge that the Carthaginians had good reason for undertaking the Hannibalian war: for as they had only yielded to the pressure of circumstances, so they seized a favourable turn in those circumstances to revenge themselves on their injurers.