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Book 22 - Chapter 16

1
<head lang="la">D. Olymp. 148, 3. Res Aegypti</head><w lemma="basilέa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="q̣ẹẉṇ">θ̣ε̣ω̣ν̣</w> <w lemma="ạịṃạ">α̣ι̣μ̣α̣</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="lέgontes">λέγοντες</w> <w lemma="kataxrώmenoi">καταχρώμενοι</w>() <w lemma="ṭẹục̣ẹs1̣q̣ạị">τ̣ε̣υ̣ξ̣ε̣σ̣θ̣α̣ι̣</w> | <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="e%29lέous">ἐλέους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sug">συγ</w>- <w lemma="gnώmhs">γνώμης</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%7C">τῳ</w> .<w lemma="sasqai">σασθαι</w>.......................| <w lemma="ṭọṇ">τ̣ο̣ν̣</w> <w lemma="ḅạs1̣ịlea">β̣α̣σ̣ι̣λεα</w> .<w lemma=""></w>.................................. | <w lemma="wn">ων</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="basilikώteros">βασιλικώτερος</w>. .<w lemma=""></w>.................. (<w lemma=""></w>) <w lemma="onwn">ονων</w> <w lemma="wn">ων</w> | <w lemma="a%29qethqh%3Dnai">ἀθετηθῆναι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ụf̣">υ̣φ̣</w> <w lemma="ẹṭẹrwn">ε̣τ̣ε̣ρων</w> <w lemma="ḳṛẹịṭṭon">κ̣ρ̣ε̣ι̣τ̣τ̣ον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="prόteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29qetei%3Dn">ἀθετεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> | <w lemma="pίsteis">πίστεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikei%3D">ἀδικεῖ</w>- <w lemma="sqai">σθαι</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h">η</w> .<w lemma=""></w>....................... | .<w lemma=""></w>....... .<w lemma=""></w>.......................... <w lemma="kai">και</w> <w lemma="anous">ανους</w> <w lemma="fasin">φασιν</w> | <w lemma="sum">συμ</w>- <w lemma="pάsxein">πάσχειν</w> <w lemma="tois">τοις</w> <w lemma="adikois">αδικοις</w> <w lemma="p">π</w>.......................... (<w lemma=""></w>) | <w lemma="e%29%2Fggista">ἔγγιστα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qeίas">θείας</w> <w lemma="fusews">φυσεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> .<w lemma=""></w>..............., .<w lemma=""></w>... | <w lemma="nous">νους</w> <w lemma="tugxάnein">τυγχάνειν</w> <w lemma="timw%3Dn">τιμῶν</w> <w lemma="h">η</w> <w lemma="ụp̣">υ̣π̣</w>.................. <w lemma="qeo%5Cs">θεὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> | <w lemma="prόteros">πρότερος</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="anous">ανους</w> <w lemma="…qeo%5Cs">…θεὸς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> | <w lemma="prόteros">πρότερος</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="anous">ανους</w> .<w lemma=""></w>. .<w lemma=""></w>...................... | .<w lemma="tạ">τα̣</w>............... <w lemma="tou">του</w> <w lemma="pros">προς</w> .<w lemma=""></w>........... <w lemma="s`">ς`</w> <w lemma="qaumάzousi">θαυμάζουσι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pάntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="%2Afίlippon">Φίλιππον</w>|
2
<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="or">ορ</w> .<w lemma=""></w>.. <w lemma="s`">ς`</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxίan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mόnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29koύwn">ἀκούων</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pάsxwn">πάσχων</w> <w lemma="u%28p’">ὑπ’</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnaίwn">Ἀθηναίων</w>, <w lemma="nikήsas">νικήσας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Axairώneian">Χαιρώνειαν</w> <w lemma="mάxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29pέsxe">ἀπέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xrήsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrw%3Dn">ἐχθρῶν</w> <w lemma="blάbhn">βλάβην</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="teqnew%3Dtas">τεθνεῶτας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnaίwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="khdeύsas">κηδεύσας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqaye">ἔθαψε</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalώtous">αἰχμαλώτους</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="lύtrwn">λύτρων</w> <w lemma="prosamfiέsas">προσαμφιέσας</w> <w lemma="e%29capέsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkaίois:">ἀναγκαίοις·</w>
3
<w lemma="mi">μι</w>- <w lemma="mou%3Dntai">μοῦνται</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkista">ἥκιστα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="toiaύthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="proaίresin">προαίρεσιν</w>, <w lemma="a%28millw%3Dn">ἁμιλλῶν</w>- <w lemma="tai">ται</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qumoi%3Ds">θυμοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="timwrίais">τιμωρίαις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toύtous">τούτους</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="polemou%3Dsi">πολεμοῦσι</w> <w lemma="toύtwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fneka">ἕνεκα</w>.
4
?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fge">ὅγε</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fsas">δήσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpous">ἀνθρώπους</w> <w lemma="gumnou%5Cs">γυμνοὺς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%28ma%2Fcais">ἁμάξαις</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Dlke">εἷλκε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="timwrhsa%2Fmenos">τιμωρησάμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fkteinen">ἀπέκτεινεν</w>. —
<head>Another Commission For Greece</head>Both parties were heard in their defence in each<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note40">The Spartan envoys.</note>other's presence. Apollonidas of Sicyon and his colleagues tried to convince the Senate that the affairs of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a> could not have been better managed than they were managed by Philopoemen. Areus and his colleagues attempted to establish the reverse: alleging, first of all, that the power of the city was entirely destroyed by the violent withdrawal of so large a number; and, in the second place, that even those that were left were so few that their position was insecure, now that the walls were pulled down; and that their freedom of speech was entirely destroyed by the fact that they were not only amenable to the general decrees of the Achaean league, but were also made specially subject to the magistrates set over them from time to time.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note41">The decision.</note>After hearing these envoys also, the Senate decided to give, the same legates instructions regarding them as well as the others, and appointed Appius Claudius and his colleagues commissioners for Greece.But the ambassadors from the Achaeans offered an explanation also to Caecilius in the Senate, on behalf of the<pb n="315" />magistrates, asserting that "They did not act wrongly or deserve blame for refusing to summon the assembly, unless it were requisite to decide on an alliance or a war, or unless some one brought a letter from the Senate.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note42">Defence of the refusal to call the Achaean assembly.</note>The magistrates had therefore impartially considered the subject of summoning the assembly, but were prevented from doing so by the laws, because he neither brought a despatch from the Senate nor would show them any written instructions. "At the conclusion of this speech Caecilius rose and made an attack on Philopoemen and Lycortas, and the Achaeans generally, and on the policy they had pursued towards the city of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>. After listening to the arguments, the Senate answered the Achaeans by saying that they would send commissioners to investigate the matter of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>; and they accompanied this answer by an admonition to them to pay attention to the ambassadors sent by them from time to time, and show them proper respect, as the Romans did to ambassadors who came to them. . . .

Walbank Commentary

Overview
22.16.1 - 22.17.7
<p rend="Plain Text">should stand here, representing res Aegypti of Ol. 148, 3 = 186/5: see ad loc. and pp. 10–13.</p>
22.16.1 - 22.17.7
<p rend="Plain Text">Ptolemy V ends the native revolt and savagely ill-treats those who surrender (185)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">These two chapters from the exc. de sent. (16. 1–4) and the exc. de uirt. et uit. (17. 1–7) form part of the res Aegypti for Ol. 148, 3 = 186/5, and should accordingly stand between 10. 15 and 11. 1; see pp. 10–13. The repetition of 16. 4 at 17. 5 shows that the excerptor of the de sent. has omitted material covered in 17. 1–5: the two passages are excerpts from one context.</p> <p rend="Plain Text">On the native revolts under Philopator and Epiphanes see v. 107. 1–3, xiv. 12. 4 n. Resistance in the delta was temporarily suppressed in 197, but upper <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a> remained in revolt for a further ten years, and from 206 to 186, though the kings controlled the main centres, such as Thebes, Ombos, and Syene, the rebels held the countryside. Demotic papyri from that area (cf. Lacau, tudes de papyrologie, 2, 1934, 242 n. 1) show dating by (perhaps) Nubian kings calling themselves kings of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>; regnal years of Armakis up to 6 and of Ankhmakis up to 14 are recorded, and in the 'second Philae decree', passed by a synod of priests meeting at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alexandria&groupId=1063&placeId=1868">Alexandria</a> on 3 Mesore of year 19 of Epiphanes (6 Sept. 186) and engraved in year 21 (cf. Sethe, Urkunden, ii. 214–30; ZS, 1917, 35–49; M. Alliot, Rev. belge de phil. et d'hist., 1951, 434–5), the defeat and capture of Ankhmakis by a general Eumenus (?) is reported by Aristonicus (cf. 17. 6 n.) and dated to 23 Epeiph of year 19 (27 Aug. 186). According to this decree the priests successfully pleaded for Ankhmakis' life (so Sethe, locc. citt.; Alliot, op. cit. 441). The victory and the birth of Ptolemy's son (Philometor) were celebrated shortly afterwards by an amnesty covering the cancellation of all debts (cf. L. Koenen, Arch. Pap. 1960, 11–16). The surrender of the rebel leaders to Polycrates at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sais&groupId=939&placeId=1674">Sais</a> (17. 3) is a separate event and in a different part of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>, the delta. See also, on these revolts, J. Jouguet, Rev. belge de phil. et d'hist. 1923, 419–45; C. Praux, Chron. d'gypte, 1936, 529–52; M. Alliot, REA, 1952, 18–26; Volkmann, RE, 'Ptolemaios (23)', cols. 1699 ff.; P.W. Pestman, Chron. d'gypte, 1965, 157–70; W. Peremans, Hommages Praux, 393–402; Huss, 83–84 n. 364.</p> <p rend="Plain Text">The present extracts are from an account of Epiphanes' treatment of the rebel leaders contrasting his cruelty with Philip II's magnanimity after <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a>.</p>
22.16.1 - 22.16.1
<p rend="Plain Text">These twelve lines are barely legible, but seem to refer to Epiphanes as a king who claimed to have divine blood in his veins and who ought therefore to have kept faith and suffered rather than to have inflicted injustice; but he had not done so. P. then compares him with Philip II.</p>
Specifics
22.16.2 - 22.16.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τὴν . . . μεγαλοψυχίαν</w>:</emph> cf. v. 10. 1–3 nn., xviii. 14. 13–14 nn. for Philip's magnanimity. <milestone unit="page" n="203">[203]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς μὲν τεθνεῶτας . . . ἔθαψε κτλ</w>.:</emph> cf. v. 10. 4 n. </p>
22.16.3 - 22.16.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τούτων αὐτῶν ἕνεκα</w>:</emph> Paton translates 'to suppress these very sentiments'; but this was not why Epiphanes was fighting the rebels, and the words are probably those of the excerptor, who has missed out a long passage before 16. 4 which coincides with 17. 5. </p>

Commentary