<w lemma="dio%2Flanon">διόλανον</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Dle">εἷλε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w>. <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnontos">συμβαίνοντος</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtes">προεστῶτες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29inso%2Fmbrwn">Ἰνσόμβρων</w> <w lemma="a%29pogno%2Fntes">ἀπογνόντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fas">σωτηρίας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftreyan">ἐπέτρεψαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemos">πόλεμος</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxe">ἔσχε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fnoian">ἀπόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flman">τόλμαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnizome%2Fnwn">ἀγωνιζομένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxas">μάχας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29tai%3Ds">αὐταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29pollume%2Fnwn">ἀπολλυμένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paratattome%2Fnwn">παραταττομένων</w> <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="katadee%2Fsteros">καταδεέστερος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28storhme%2Fnwn">ἱστορημένων</w>,
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29krisi%2Fan">ἀκρισίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="xeirismou%3D">χειρισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="eu%29katafro%2Fnhtos">εὐκαταφρόνητος</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpan">ἅπαν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="qumw%3D%7C">θυμῷ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="logismw%3D%7C">λογισμῷ</w> <w lemma="brabeu%2Fesqai">βραβεύεσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="sunqewrh%2Fsantes">συνθεωρήσαντες</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgon">ὀλίγον</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdon">Πάδον</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fwn">πεδίων</w> <w lemma="e%29cwsqe%2Fntas">ἐξωσθέντας</w>, <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgwn">ὀλίγων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpeis">Ἄλπεις</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnwn">κειμένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="w%29%7Ch%2Fqhmen">ᾠήθημεν</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29mnhmo%2Fneuton">ἀμνημόνευτον</w> <w lemma="paralipei%3Dn">παραλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fan">τελευταίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29cana%2Fstasin">ἐξανάστασιν</w>,
<w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnontes">ὑπολαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%3Don">οἰκεῖον</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="toiau%3Dt%27">τοιαῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29peiso%2Fdia">ἐπεισόδια</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhs">τύχης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdosin">παράδοσιν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29piginome%2Fnois">ἐπιγινομένοις</w>,
<w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="a%29nenno%2Fhtoi">ἀνεννόητοι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontes">ὑπάρχοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29kplh%2Fttwntai">ἐκπλήττωνται</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29fnidi%2Fous">αἰφνιδίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgous">παραλόγους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdous">ἐφόδους</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="poso%5Cn">ποσὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnontes">λαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="o%29ligoxro%2Fnio%2Fn">ὀλιγοχρόνιόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Ffqarton">εὔφθαρτον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fousi">κινδυνεύουσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pome%2Fnwsi">ὑπομένωσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="e%29cele%2Fgxwsi">ἐξελέγχωσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="paraxwrh%3Dsai%2F">παραχωρῆσαί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apersw%3Dn">Περσῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adelfou%5Cs">Δελφοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="mnh%2Fmhn">μνήμην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdosin">παράδοσιν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29gago%2Fntas">ἀγαγόντας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mikra%5C">μικρὰ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fomai">οἴομαι</w> <w lemma="sumbeblh%3Dsqai">συμβεβλῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="koinh%3Ds">κοινῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fas">ἐλευθερίας</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="xorhgiw%3Dn">χορηγιῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fq%27">οὔθ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplwn">ὅπλων</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="kataplagei%5Cs">καταπλαγεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29postai%2Fh">ἀποσταίη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="diagwni%2Fzesqai">διαγωνίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>, <w lemma="lamba%2Fnwn">λαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="o%29fqalmw%3Dn">ὀφθαλμῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocon">παράδοξον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnwn">γενομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mnhmoneu%2Fsas">μνημονεύσας</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsas">ὅσας</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fnas">τίνας</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmas">τόλμας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="phli%2Fkas">πηλίκας</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%5Cs">παρασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="nw%3D%7C">νῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="logismou%3D">λογισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kinduneuo%2Fntwn">κινδυνευόντων</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresis">αἵρεσις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamis">δύναμις</w> <w lemma="kaqei%3Dlen">καθεῖλεν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbos">φόβος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="palaio%5Cn">παλαιὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fplhce">ἐξέπληξε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w>.
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fgwge">ἔγωγε</w> <w lemma="parwrmh%2Fqhn">παρωρμήθην</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kefalaiw%2Fdh">κεφαλαιώδη</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fkaqen">ἀνέκαθεν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin">ἐξήγησιν</w>.
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<head>Character of the Gauls</head>Such was the end of the Celtic war: which, for the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note81">B.C. 480. B.C. 279.</note>desperate determination and boldness of the enemy, for the obstinacy of the battles fought, and for the number of those who fell and of those who were engaged, is second to none recorded in history, but which, regarded as a specimen of scientific strategy, is utterly contemptible. The Gauls showed no power of planning or carrying out a campaign, and in everything they did were swayed by impulse rather than by sober calculation. As I have seen these tribes, after a short struggle, entirely ejected from the valley of the Padus, with the exception of some few localities lying close to the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Alps&groupId=313&placeId=609">Alps</a>, I thought I ought not to let their original attack upon <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> pass unrecorded, any more than their subsequent attempts, or their final ejectment: for it is the function of the historian to record and transmit to posterity such episodes in the drama of Fortune; that our posterity may not from ignorance of the past be unreasonably dismayed at the sudden and unexpected invasions of these barbarians, but may reflect how shortlived and easily damped the spirit of this race is; and so may stand to their defence, and try every possible means before yielding an inch to them. I think, for instance, that those who have recorded for our information the invasion of Greece by the Persians, and of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Delphi&groupId=534&placeId=363">Delphi</a> by the Gauls, have contributed materially to the struggles made for the common freedom of Greece. For a superiority in supplies, arms, or numbers, would scarcely deter any one from putting the last possible hope to the test, in a struggle for the integrity and the safety of his city and its territory, if he had before his eyes the surprising result of those expeditions; and remembered how many myriads of men, what daring confidence, and what immense armaments were baffled<pb n="132" />by the skill and ability of opponents, who conducted their measures under the dictates of reason and sober calculation. And as an invasion of Gauls has been a source of alarm to Greece in our day, as well as in ancient times, I thought it worth while to give a summary sketch of their doings from the earliest times.
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Walbank Commentary