Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 24

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<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fina">Ἵνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sumfane%5Cs">συμφανὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnhtai">γένηται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="h%28li%2Fkois">ἡλίκοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%29to%2Flmhse">ἐτόλμησε</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fsqai">ἐπιθέσθαι</w> [<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w>] <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%28li%2Fkhn">ἡλίκην</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w> <w lemma="parabo%2Flws">παραβόλως</w> <w lemma="a%29ntofqalmh%2Fsas">ἀντοφθαλμήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dto">τοσοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kaqi%2Fketo">καθίκετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstois">μεγίστοις</w> <w lemma="sumptw%2Fmasi">συμπτώμασι</w> <w lemma="periba%2Fllein">περιβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>,
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<w lemma="r%28hte%2Fon">ῥητέον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>.
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29celhlu%2Fqei">ἐξεληλύθει</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttara">τέτταρα</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+ka%2F">Ῥωμαϊκά</w>, <w lemma="penta%2Fkis">πεντάκις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxon">ἔχον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w>.
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<w lemma="su%2Fmmaxoi">σύμμαχοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fmfw">συνάμφω</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trismu%2Frioi">τρισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="disxi%2Flioi">δισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="prosbohqhsa%2Fntwn">προσβοηθησάντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="%2Asabi%2Fnwn">Σαβίνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhnw%3Dn">Τυρρηνῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pentakismuri%2Fwn">πεντακισμυρίων</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fsantes">ἁθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fas">Τυρρηνίας</w> <w lemma="proeka%2Fqisan">προεκάθισαν</w>, <w lemma="e%28cape%2Flekun">ἑξαπέλεκυν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fna">ἡγεμόνα</w> <w lemma="susth%2Fsantes">συστήσαντες</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apenni%3Dnon">Ἀπεννῖνον</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dntes">κατοικοῦντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fombroi">Ὄμβροι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asarsina%2Ftoi">Σαρσινάτοι</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fxqhsan">συνήχθησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="dismuri%2Fous">δισμυρίους</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29e%2Fnetoi">Οὐένετοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agonoma%2Fnoi">Γονομάνοι</w> <w lemma="dismu%2Frioi">δισμύριοι</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftacan">ἔταξαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frwn">ὅρων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Agalati%2Fas">Γαλατίας</w>,
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<w lemma="i%28%2Fn%27">ἵν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mbalo%2Fntes">ἐμβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aboi%2Fwn">Βοίων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntiperispw%3Dsi">ἀντιπερισπῶσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29celhluqo%2Ftas">ἐξεληλυθότας</w>. <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="prokaqh%2Fmena">προκαθήμενα</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="die%2Ftribon">διέτριβον</w> <w lemma="h%28toimasme%2Fnoi">ἡτοιμασμένοι</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmois">πολέμοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fas">ἐφεδρείας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="dismu%2Frioi">δισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="xi%2Flioi">χίλιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pentako%2Fsioi">πεντακόσιοι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trismu%2Frioi">τρισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="disxi%2Flioi">δισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="katagrafai%5C">καταγραφαὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nhne%2Fxqhsan">ἀνηνέχθησαν</w> <w lemma="%2Alati%2Fnwn">Λατίνων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakismu%2Frioi">ὀκτακισμύριοι</w> <w lemma="pezoi%2F">πεζοί</w>, <w lemma="pentakisxi%2Flioi">πεντακισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Asaunitw%3Dn">Σαυνιτῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakismu%2Frioi">ἑπτακισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakisxi%2Flioi">ἑπτακισχίλιοι</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29iapu%2Fgwn">Ἰαπύγων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amessapi%2Fwn">Μεσσαπίων</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fmfw">συνάμφω</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdes">μυριάδες</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mu%2Frioi">μύριοι</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fois">ἑξακισχιλίοις</w>,
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<w lemma="%2Aleukanw%3Dn">Λευκανῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trismu%2Frioi">τρισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="trisxi%2Flioi">τρισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Amarsw%3Dn">Μαρσῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amarrouki%2Fnwn">Μαρρουκίνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aferenta%2Fnwn">Φερεντάνων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29esti%2Fnwn">Οὐεστίνων</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dismu%2Frioi">δισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="tetrakisxi%2Flioi">τετρακισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fa%7C">Σικελίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ata%2Franti">Τάραντι</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="parefh%2Fdreuen">παρεφήδρευεν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akampanw%3Dn">Καμπανῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="plhqu%5Cs">πληθὺς</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="katele%2Fxqhsan">κατελέχθησαν</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdes">μυριάδες</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fsin">μυριάσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%3Dsan">ἐπῆσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Fdes">χιλιάδες</w>.
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<w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> [<w lemma="kefa%2Flaion">κεφάλαιον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prokaqhme%2Fnwn">προκαθημένων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="pentekai%2Fdeka">πεντεκαίδεκα</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdes">μυριάδες</w>,
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<w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fous">ἑξακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w>] <w lemma="su%2Fmpan">σύμπαν</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnwn">δυναμένων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fpla">ὅπλα</w> <w lemma="basta%2Fzein">βαστάζειν</w>, <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w>, <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%28bdomh%2Fkonta">ἑβδομήκοντα</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28pta%5C">ἑπτὰ</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttous">ἐλάττους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="dismuri%2Fwn">δισμυρίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fbalen">ἐπέβαλεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>. <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="safe%2Fsteron">σαφέστερον</w> <w lemma="e%29kpoih%2Fsei">ἐκποιήσει</w> <w lemma="katanoei%3Dn">κατανοεῖν</w>.
<head>Forces Available to the Romans</head>But in order that we may learn from actual facts how<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note67">The Roman resources.</note>great the power was which Hannibal subsequently ventured to attack, and what a mighty empire he faced when he succeeded in inflicting upon the Roman people the most severe disasters, I must now state the amount of the forces they could at that time bring into the field. The two Consuls had marched out with four legions, each consisting of five thousand two hundred infantry and three hundred cavalry. Besides this there were with each Consul allies to the number of thirty thousand infantry and two thousand cavalry. Of Sabines and Etruscans too, there had come to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, for that special occasion, four thousand horse and more than fifty thousand foot. These were formed into an army and sent in advance into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a>, under the command of one of the Praetors. Moreover, the Umbrians and Sarsinatae, hill tribes of the Apennine district, were collected to the number of twenty thousand; and with them were twenty thousand Venĕti and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cenomani&groupId=448&placeId=834">Cenomani</a>. These were stationed on the frontier of the Gallic territory, that they might divert the attention of the invaders, by making an incursion into the territory of the Boii. These were the forces guarding the frontier. In <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> itself, ready as a reserve in case of the accidents of war, there remained twenty thousand foot and three thousand horse of citizens, and thirty thousand foot and two thousand horse of the allies. Lists of men for service had also been returned, of Latins eighty thousand foot and five thousand horse; of Samnites seventy thousand foot and seven thousand horse; of Iapygians and Messapians together fifty thousand foot and sixteen thousand horse; and of Lucanians thirty thousand foot and three thousand horse; of Marsi, and Marrucini, and Ferentani, and Vestini, twenty thousand foot<pb n="122" />and four thousand horse. And besides these, there were in reserve in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> and Tarentum two legions, each of which consisted of about four thousand two hundred foot, and two hundred horse. Of the Romans and Campanians the total of those put on the roll was two hundred and fifty thousand foot and twentythree thousand horse; so that the grand total of the forces actually defending <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> was over 150,000 foot, 6000 cavalry:<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note68">This clause is bracketed by Hultsch, Mommsen, and Strachan-Davidson. See the essay of the last named in his Polybius, p. 22.<bibl n="Liv. Per. 20" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, Ep. 20</bibl>, gives the number of Romans and Latins as 300,000.</note>and of the men able to bear arms, Romans and allies, over 700,000 foot and 70,000 horse; while Hannibal, when he invaded <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, had less than twenty thousand to put against this immense force.