<w lemma="%2Agala%2Ftai">Γαλάται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="e%29lattwma%2Ftwn">ἐλαττωμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fth">ἔτη</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tettara%2Fkonta">τετταράκοντα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxon">ἔσχον</w>, <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fnhn">εἰρήνην</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgontes">ἄγοντες</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fptai">αὐτόπται</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftes">γεγονότες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deinw%3Dn">δεινῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn">ζῆν</w> <w lemma="e%29cexw%2Frhsan">ἐξεχώρησαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w>, <w lemma="e%29pege%2Fnonto">ἐπεγένοντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ne%2Foi">νέοι</w>, <w lemma="qumou%3D">θυμοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29logi%2Fstou">ἀλογίστου</w> <w lemma="plh%2Freis">πλήρεις</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fpeiroi">ἄπειροι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29o%2Fratoi">ἀόρατοι</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="kakou%3D">κακοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsews">περιστάσεως</w>,
<w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kaqestw%3Dta">καθεστῶτα</w> <w lemma="kinei%3Dn">κινεῖν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="traxu%2Fnesqai">τραχύνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tuxo%2Fntwn">τυχόντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>, <w lemma="e%29pispa%3Dsqai">ἐπισπᾶσθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Falpewn">Ἄλπεων</w> <w lemma="%2Agala%2Ftas">Γαλάτας</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28goume%2Fnwn">ἡγουμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29porrh%2Ftois">ἀπορρήτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pra%2Ftteto">ἐπράττετο</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fna">προειρημένα</w>.
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Atransalpi%2Fnwn">Τρανσαλπίνων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arimi%2Fnou">Ἀριμίνου</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>, <w lemma="diapisth%2Fsanta">διαπιστήσαντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqh">πλήθη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aboi%2Fwn">Βοίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stasia%2Fsanta">στασιάσαντα</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtas">προεστῶτας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="paragegono%2Ftas">παραγεγονότας</w> <w lemma="a%29nei%3Dlon">ἀνεῖλον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fous">ἰδίους</w> <w lemma="basilei%3Ds">βασιλεῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fatin">Ἄτιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Flaton">Γάλατον</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Fkoyan">κατέκοψαν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flous">ἀλλήλους</w>, <w lemma="sumbalo%2Fntes">συμβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcewn">παρατάξεων</w>.
<w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="kata%2Ffoboi">κατάφοβοι</w> <w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffodon">ἔφοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dlqon">ἐξῆλθον</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdou:">στρατοπέδου·</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fntes">συνέντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29qai%2Freton">αὐθαίρετον</w> <w lemma="katafqora%5Cn">καταφθορὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="a%29nexw%2Frhsan">ἀνεχώρησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29kei%2Fan">οἰκείαν</w>.
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftei">ἔτει</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmptw%7C">πέμπτῳ</w>, <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkou">Μάρκου</w> <w lemma="%2Alepe%2Fdou">Λεπέδου</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3Dntos">στρατηγοῦντος</w>, <w lemma="kateklhrou%2Fxhsan">κατεκληρούχησαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalati%2Fa%7C">Γαλατίᾳ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Apikenti%2Fnhn">Πικεντίνην</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhn">προσαγορευομένην</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsantes">νικήσαντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fbalon">ἐξέβαλον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Ash%2Fnwnas">Σήνωνας</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnous">προσαγορευομένους</w> <w lemma="%2Agala%2Ftas">Γαλάτας</w>,
<w lemma="%2Agai+%2Fou">Γαΐου</w> <w lemma="%2Aflamini%2Fou">Φλαμινίου</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dhmagwgi%2Fan">δημαγωγίαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29shghsame%2Fnou">εἰσηγησαμένου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fan">πολιτείαν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpos">ἔπος</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="fate%2Fon">φατέον</w> <w lemma="a%29rxhgo%5Cn">ἀρχηγὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dron">χεῖρον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fmou">δήμου</w> <w lemma="diastrofh%3Ds">διαστροφῆς</w>, <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="susta%2Fntos">συστάντος</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnous">προειρημένους</w>.
<w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatw%3Dn">Γαλατῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pedu%2Fonto">ὑπεδύοντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w>, <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Aboi%3Doi">Βοῖοι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suntermonei%3Dn">συντερμονεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fra%7C">χώρᾳ</w>, <w lemma="nomi%2Fsantes">νομίσαντες</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerou%3Ds">ὁλοσχεροῦς</w> <w lemma="e%29canasta%2Fsews">ἐξαναστάσεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katafqora%3Ds">καταφθορᾶς</w>.
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<head>War with Insubres and Boii and Gaesatae</head>After these defeats the Gauls maintained an unbroken<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note62">B. C. 236.</note>peace with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> for forty-five years. But when the generation which had witnessed the actual struggle had passed away, and a younger generation of men had taken their places, filled with unreflecting hardihood, and who had neither experienced nor seen any suffering or reverse, they began, as was natural, to disturb the settlement; and on the one hand to let trifling causes exasperate them against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and on the other to invite the Alpine Gauls to join the fray. At first these intrigues were carried on by their chiefs without the knowledge of the tribesmen; and accordingly, when an armed host of Transalpine Gauls arrived at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ariminum&groupId=362&placeId=691">Ariminum</a>, the Boii were suspicious; and forming a conspiracy against their own leaders, as well as against the new-comers, they put their own two kings Atis and Galatus to death, and cut each other to pieces in a pitched battle. Just then the Romans, alarmed at the threatened invasion, had despatched an army; but learning that the Gauls had committed this act of self-destruction, it returned home again. In the fifth year after this alarm, in the Consulship of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, the Romans<pb n="119" />divided among their citizens the territory of Picenum, from which they had ejected the Senones when they conquered them: a democratic measure introduced by Gaius Flaminius, and a policy which we must pronounce to have been the first step in the demoralisation of the people, as well as the cause of the next Gallic war.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note63">B. C. 232</note>For many of the Gauls, and especially the Boii whose lands were coterminous with the Roman territory, entered upon that war from the conviction that the object of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> in her wars with them was no longer supremacy and empire over them, but their total expulsion and destruction.
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Walbank Commentary