<w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%2Fn">καιρόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ple%2Fon">πλέον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%28w%2Fra">ἑώρα</w> <w lemma="parembeblhko%5Cs">παρεμβεβληκὸς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frakos">χάρακος</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peltasta%5Cs">πελταστὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggos">φάλαγγος</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>, <w lemma="su%2Fntonon">σύντονον</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffous">λόφους</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fbasin">ἀνάβασιν</w>,
<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Anika%2Fnora">Νικάνορα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pikalou%2Fmenon">ἐπικαλούμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29le%2Ffanta">ἐλέφαντα</w> <w lemma="sune%2Ftace">συνέταξε</w> <w lemma="fronti%2Fzein">φροντίζειν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="podo%5Cs">ποδὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fphtai">ἕπηται</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftous">πρώτους</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fyasqai">ἅψασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolh%3Ds">ὑπερβολῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29spi%2Fdos">ἀσπίδος</w> <w lemma="parene%2Fbale">παρενέβαλε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prokatela%2Fmbane">προκατελάμβανε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fous:">ὑπερδεξίους·</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="prokinduneuo%2Fntwn">προκινδυνευόντων</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="teqlifo%2Ftwn">τεθλιφότων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Ftera">θάτερα</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffwn">λόφων</w>, <w lemma="e%29rh%2Fmous">ἐρήμους</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flabe">κατέλαβε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fkrous">ἄκρους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paremba%2Fllontos">παρεμβάλλοντος</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="decia%5C">δεξιὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratia%3Ds">στρατιᾶς</w>, <w lemma="parh%3Dsan">παρῆσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Froi">μισθοφόροι</w>, <w lemma="piezou%2Fmenoi">πιεζούμενοι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn:">πολεμίων·</w>
<w lemma="prosgenome%2Fnwn">προσγενομένων</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnois">εὐζώνοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="bare%2Fsin">βαρέσιν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fplois">ὅπλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29rti%2Fws">ἀρτίως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dpa">εἶπα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunergou%2Fntwn">συνεργούντων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w>, <w lemma="proslabo%2Fntes">προσλαβόντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="sh%2Fkwma">σήκωμα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w>, <w lemma="bare%2Fws">βαρέως</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fkeinto">ἐπέκειντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkteinon">ἔκτεινον</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxai%3Ds">ἀρχαῖς</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="paregi%2Fneto">παρεγίνετο</w>, <w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="sunestw%3Dta">συνεστῶτα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnwn">εὐζώνων</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="perixarh%5Cs">περιχαρὴς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn:">ἦν·</w>
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28w%2Fra">ἑώρα</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fnontas">κλίνοντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fous">ἰδίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosdeome%2Fnous">προσδεομένους</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fas">ἐπικουρίας</w>, <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fzeto">ἠναγκάζετο</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnein">κρίνειν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flaggos">φάλαγγος</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosbaino%2Fntwn">προσβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="bounou%2Fs">βουνούς</w>.
<w lemma="prosdeca%2Fmenos">προσδεξάμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29gwnizome%2Fnous">ἀγωνιζομένους</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fqroize">ἥθροιζε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%5Cn">δεξιὸν</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fras">κέρας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peltastai%3Ds">πελτασταῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="falaggi%2Ftais">φαλαγγίταις</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggelle">παρήγγελλε</w> <w lemma="diplasia%2Fzein">διπλασιάζειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fqos">βάθος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="puknou%3Dn">πυκνοῦν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="decio%2Fn">δεξιόν</w>. <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w>,
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="xersi%5Cn">χερσὶν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="falaggi%2Ftais">φαλαγγίταις</w> <w lemma="e%29do%2Fqh">ἐδόθη</w> <w lemma="para%2Fggelma">παράγγελμα</w> <w lemma="katabalou%3Dsi">καταβαλοῦσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sari%2Fsas">σαρίσας</w> <w lemma="e%29pa%2Fgein">ἐπάγειν</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnois">εὐζώνοις</w> <w lemma="kera%3Dn">κερᾶν</w>.
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Ftos">Τίτος</w>, <w lemma="deca%2Fmenos">δεξάμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="diasth%2Fmata">διαστήματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="shmaiw%3Dn">σημαιῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prokinduneu%2Fontas">προκινδυνεύοντας</w>, <w lemma="prose%2Fbale">προσέβαλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w>.
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<head>The Battle of Cynoscephalae</head>Meanwhile, when he had seen the main part of his<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note47">Philip also advances and occupies the hills.</note>army in position outside the camp, Philip himself advanced with his peltasts and the right wing of his phalanx, commencing the ascent of the hills with great rapidity, and having left instructions with Nicanor, surnamed the Elephant, to see that the rest of the army followed at once. As soon as his first files reached the summit, he deployed his men into line by the left, and occupied the range of high ground: for the Macedonians who had been sent in advance had forced the Romans a considerable distance down the other side of the hills, and therefore he found the ridges unoccupied by the enemy. But while he was still engaged in getting the right wing of his army into line, his mercenaries came on the ground, having been decisively repulsed by the enemy. For when the Roman light infantry found themselves supported by the heavy, as I said just now, with their assistance, which they regarded as turning the scale in their favour, they made a furious charge on the enemy, and killed a large number of them.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note48">Philip's advanced guard defeated.</note>When the king first came on the ground, and saw that the fighting between the light armed was going on near the enemy's camp, he was delighted: but when, on the other hand, he saw his own men giving ground and requiring<pb n="223" />support, he was compelled to give it, and allow the necessities of the moment to decide the fortunes of the whole day, in spite of the fact that the greater part of his phalanx was still on the march and engaged in mounting the hills. Receiving therefore the men who had been already engaged, he massed them all upon his right wing, both infantry and cavalry; while he ordered the peltasts and heavy armed to double their depth and close up to the right. By the time this was effected the enemy were close at hand; and, accordingly, the word was given to the phalanx to lower spears and charge; to the light infantry to cover their flank. At the same time Flamininus also, having received his advanced party into the intervals between his maniples, charged the enemy.
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Walbank Commentary