Polybius, Histories
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Book 16 - Chapter 23

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<head lang="la">V. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwn">Σκιπίων</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dken">ἧκεν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fhs">Λιβύης</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="kato%2Fpin">κατόπιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prosdoki%2Fas">προσδοκίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29kolou%2Fqou">ἀκολούθου</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="mege%2Fqei">μεγέθει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w>, <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fantasi%2Fan">φαντασίαν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndra">ἄνδρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fn">αὐτόν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntws:">καθηκόντως·</w>
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<w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fsantes">ἐλπίσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbalei%3Dn">ἐκβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29potri%2Fyasqai">ἀποτρίψασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%2Fwn">ἀναγκαίων</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dntes">δοκοῦντες</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbou">φόβου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsews">περιστάσεως</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrw%3Dn">ἐχθρῶν</w>, <w lemma="u%28perbolh%5Cn">ὑπερβολὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flipon">κατέλιπον</w> <w lemma="xara%3Ds">χαρᾶς</w>. <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="qri%2Fambon">θρίαμβον</w> <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dge">εἰσῆγε</w>,
5
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sagome%2Fnwn">εἰσαγομένων</w> <w lemma="e%29nergei%2Fas">ἐνεργείας</w> <w lemma="mimnhsko%2Fmenoi">μιμνησκόμενοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="progegono%2Ftwn">προγεγονότων</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnwn">κινδύνων</w> <w lemma="e%29kpaqei%3Ds">ἐκπαθεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="qeou%5Cs">θεοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29xaristi%2Fan">εὐχαριστίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="thlikau%2Fths">τηλικαύτης</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w>.
6
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Aso%2Ffac">Σόφαξ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amasaisuli%2Fwn">Μασαισυλίων</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fxqh">ἤχθη</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="qria%2Fmbw%7C">θριάμβῳ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ai%29xmalw%2Ftwn:">αἰχμαλώτων·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%2F">μετά</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="fulakh%3D%7C">φυλακῇ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="meth%2Fllace">μετήλλαξε</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="suntelesqe%2Fntwn">συντελεσθέντων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexe%5Cs">συνεχὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%5Cs">πολλὰς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="a%29gw%3Dnas">ἀγῶνας</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dgon">ἦγον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="panhgu%2Freis">πανηγύρεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanw%3Ds">ἐπιφανῶς</w>, <w lemma="xorhgo%5Cn">χορηγὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwnos">Σκιπίωνος</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fan">μεγαλοψυχίαν</w>.
<head>Scipio's Triumph</head><note anchored="yes" place="inline" resp="ess" id="note32">Italy (<bibl n="Liv. 30.45" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 30, 45</bibl>)</note>Publius Scipio returned from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> soon after the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note33">Scipio's return to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and triumph, B. C. 201, cp.<ref target="b15c19" targOrder="U">15. 19</ref>.</note>events I have narrated. The expectation of the people concerning him was proportionable to the magnitude of his achievements: and the splendour of his reception, and the signs of popular favour which greeted him were extraordinary. Nor was this otherwise than reasonable and proper. For after despairing of ever driving Hannibal from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, or of averting that danger from themselves and their kinsfolk, they now looked on themselves as not only securely removed from every fear and every menace of attack, but as having conquered their enemies. Their joy therefore knew no bounds; and when Scipio came into the city in triumph, and the actual sight of<pb n="191" />the prisoners who formed the procession brought still more clearly to their memories the dangers of the past, they became almost wild in the expression of their thanks to the gods, and their affection for the author of such a signal change. For among the prisoners who were led in the triumphal procession was <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a>, the king of the Masaesylii, who shortly afterwards died in prison. The triumph concluded, the citizens celebrated games and festivals for several days running with great splendour, Scipio, in his magnificent liberality, supplying the cost. . . .

Walbank Commentary

Specifics
16.23.1 - 16.23.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οὐ πολὺ κατόπιν τῶν προειρημένων καιρῶν</w>:</emph> the point of reference is lost. </p>
16.23.5 - 16.23.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν θρίαμβον εἰσῆγε</w>:</emph> 'de Hannibale et Poenis et Syphace' (Livy, xxxviii. 46, 10, cf. 51. 14). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">διὰ τῆς τῶν εἰσαγομένων ἐνεργείας</w>:</emph> 'the spectacle of the prisoners who formed the procession'; Schweighaeuser and Paton both take <w lang="el-GR">τῶν εἰσαγομένων</w> as neuter, but in favour of treating it as masculine (with Shuckburgh) is the reference to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> in § 6. Moreover, persons would be more likely to remind spectators of their perils than would mere spoils. <milestone unit="page" n="528">[528]</milestone> </p>
16.23.6 - 16.23.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὁ Σόφαξ</w>:</emph> cf. xi. 24 a 4 n., and xiv and xv passim. A different version is given by Livy's source: cf. Livy, xxx. 45. 4–5, 'morte subtractus spectaculo magis hominum quam triumphantis gloriae <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syphax&groupId=993&placeId=1751">Syphax</a> est, Tiburi haud ita multo ante mortuus, quo ab Alba traductus fuerat. conspecta tamen mors eius fuit quia publico funere est elatus. hunc regem in triumpho ductum Polybius, haudquaquam spernendus auctor, tradit'. </p>
16.23.7 - 16.23.7
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">χορηγὸν . . . τὴν Σκιπίωνος μεγαλοψυχίαν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxx. 45. 3, 'argenti tulit in aerarium pondo centum uiginti tria milia. militibus ex praeda quadringenos aeris diuisit'. </p>

Commentary