<w lemma="twn">των</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w>. <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29du%2Fnaton">ἀδύνατον</w>, <w lemma="i%28kano%5Cn">ἱκανὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fdeigma">ὑπόδειγμα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="poihth%2Fs">ποιητής</w>, <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="e%29mfa%2Fsews">ἐμφάσεως</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdoi">ἴδοι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxon">ὑπάρχον</w>.
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="pa%3Ds">πᾶς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Ftws">εἰκότως</w> <w lemma="sugkata%2Fqoito">συγκατάθοιτο</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fton">τρίτον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fas">ἱστορίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fthn">τρίτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnhma%2Ftwn">ὑπομνημάτων</w> <w lemma="polupragmosu%2Fnhn">πολυπραγμοσύνην</w>.
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqe%2Fs">ἀληθές</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="nuni%5C">νυνὶ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29kfane%2Fstaton">ἐκφανέστατον</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnoit%27">γένοιτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbouleutikw%3Dn">συμβουλευτικῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraklhtikw%3Dn">παρακλητικῶν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="presbeutikw%3Dn">πρεσβευτικῶν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn">λόγων</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fxrhtai">κέχρηται</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaios">Τίμαιος</w>.
<w lemma="o%29li%2Fgoi">ὀλίγοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kairoi%5C">καιροὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pide%2Fxontai">ἐπιδέχονται</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fsqai">διαθέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29no%2Fntas">ἐνόντας</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dstoi">πλεῖστοι</w> <w lemma="braxei%3Ds">βραχεῖς</w> [<w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w>] <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fntwn">ὑπόντων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="progegono%2Ftes">προγεγονότες</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="prosi%2Fentai">προσίενται</w>, <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsioi">Πελοποννήσιοι</w>, <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%3Doi">Ἀθηναῖοι</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="matai%2Fws">ματαίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29kai%2Frws">ἀκαίρως</w> [<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w>] <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="diecie%2Fnai">διεξιέναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29no%2Fntas">ἐνόντας</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3D">ποιεῖ</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fmaios">Τίμαιος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fqesin">ὑπόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="eu%28resilogw%3Dn">εὑρεσιλογῶν</w>, <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Flhqes">ἀνάληθες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meirakiw%3Ddes">μειρακιῶδες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diatribiko%2Fn">διατριβικόν</w> — <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29potuxi%2Fas">ἀποτυχίας</w> <w lemma="ai%29%2Ftion">αἴτιον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fgone">γέγονε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katafronh%2Fsews">καταφρονήσεως</w> — <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%28rmo%2Fzontas">ἁρμόζοντας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kairi%2Fous">καιρίους</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w>, <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w>.
<w lemma="a%29sta%2Ftou">ἀστάτου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fsois">πόσοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poi%2Fois">ποίοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29no%2Fntwn">ἐνόντων</w> <w lemma="xrhste%2Fon">χρηστέον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lloiote%2Frou">ἀλλοιοτέρου</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="zh%2Flou">ζήλου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paragge%2Flmatos">παραγγέλματος</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllomen">μέλλομεν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fptein">βλάπτειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%3Dn">ὠφελεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29naginw%2Fskontas">ἀναγινώσκοντας</w>.
<w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cs">καιρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="duspara%2Fggeltos">δυσπαράγγελτος</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29du%2Fnatos">ἀδύνατος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fnoian">ὑπόνοιαν</w> <w lemma="a%29xqh%3Dnai">ἀχθῆναι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29topaqei%2Fas">αὐτοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tribh%3Ds">τριβῆς</w> <w lemma="qewrhma%2Ftwn:">θεωρημάτων·</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntos">παρόντος</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flist%27">μάλιστ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="u%28ponohqei%2Fh">ὑπονοηθείη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="suggrafei%3Ds">συγγραφεῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28podei%2Fcantes">ὑποδείξαντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fseis">διαθέσεις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="bouleuome%2Fnwn">βουλευομένων</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29lh%2Fqeian">ἀλήθειαν</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%2Fntas">ῥηθέντας</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="e%29kqe%2Fntes">ἐκθέντες</w> <w lemma="diasafh%2Fsaien">διασαφήσαιεν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kateustoxh%3Dsai">κατευστοχῆσαι</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29po%2Fntas">εἰπόντας</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="diapesei%3Dn">διαπεσεῖν</w>, <w lemma="ge%2Fnoit%27">γένοιτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnnoia">ἔννοια</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmatos">πράγματος</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinh%2F">ἀληθινή</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dunai%2Fmeq%27">δυναίμεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="diakri%2Fnontes">διακρίνοντες</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="metafe%2Frontes">μεταφέροντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w> <w lemma="kateustoxei%3Dn">κατευστοχεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnwn">προκειμένων</w>.
<w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w>, <w lemma="oi%29%3Dmai">οἶμαι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ai%29tiologei%3Dn">αἰτιολογεῖν</w> <w lemma="dusxere%2Fs">δυσχερές</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="r%28hsikopei%3Dn">ῥησικοπεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="bubli%2Fois">βυβλίοις</w> <w lemma="r%28a%2F%7Cdion">ῥᾴδιον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fga">ὀλίγα</w> <w lemma="kairi%2Fws">καιρίως</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="paraggeli%2Fan">παραγγελίαν</w> <w lemma="eu%28rei%3Dn">εὑρεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgois">ὀλίγοις</w> <w lemma="e%29fikto%2Fn">ἐφικτόν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fsqai">διαθέσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="matai%2Fws">ματαίως</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fsw%7C">μέσῳ</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnwn">κειμένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koino%2Fn">κοινόν</w>.
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<head>General Remarks on Timaeus as an Historian</head>The story of the brazen bull is this. It was made by<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note40">The brazen bull of phalaris.</note>Phalaris at Agrigentum; and he used to force men to get into it, and then by way of punishment light a fire underneath. The metal becoming thus red hot, the man inside was roasted and scorched to death; and when he screamed in his agony, the sound from the machine was very like the bellowing of a bull. When the Carthaginians conquered <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> this bull was removed from Agrigentum to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>. The trap door between the shoulders, through which the victims used to be let down, still remains; and no other reason for the construction of such a bull in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> can be discovered at all: yet Timaeus has undertaken to upset the common story, and to refute the declarations of poets and historians, by alleging that the bull at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> did not come from Agrigentum, and that no such figure ever existed there; and he has composed a lengthy treatise to prove this. . . .What epithet ought one to apply to Timaeus, and what word will properly characterise him? A man of his kind appears to me to deserve the very bitterest of the terms which he has applied to others. It has already been sufficiently proved that he is a carping, false and impudent writer; and from what remains to be said he will be shown to be unphilosophical, and, in short, utterly uninstructed. For towards the end of his twenty-first book, in the course of his "harangue of Timoleon," he remarks that "the whole sublunary world being divided into three parts —Asia, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a>, and Europe. . . ."<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note41">See<ref target="b3c37" targOrder="U">3, 37</ref>. The point seems to be that the remark was too commonplace to put into the mouth of a hero.</note>One could scarcely believe such a remark to have come, I don't say from Timaeus, but even from the proverbial Margites. . . .<pb n="102" />
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Walbank Commentary