<head lang="la">V. De Callisthenis Imperitia In Narrandis Rebus Militaribus</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Fina">Ἵνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcwmen">δόξωμεν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="thlikou%2Ftwn">τηλικούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="kataciopistei%3Dsqai">καταξιοπιστεῖσθαι</w>, <w lemma="mnhsqhso%2Fmeqa">μνησθησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="mia%3Ds">μιᾶς</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w>, <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%2Fan">οἵαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Fthn">ἐπιφανεστάτην</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sumbe%2Fbhken">συμβέβηκεν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29phrth%3Dsqai">ἀπηρτῆσθαι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w>, <w lemma="parateteuxe%2Fnai">παρατετευχέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Akallisqe%2Fnh">Καλλισθένη</w>.
<w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Akiliki%2Fa%7C">Κιλικίᾳ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrw%7C">Ἀλεξάνδρῳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Adarei%3Don">Δαρεῖον</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="fhsi%5C">φησὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="diapeporeu%3Dsqai">διαπεπορεῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="stena%5C">στενὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnas">λεγομένας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Akiliki%2Fa%7C">Κιλικίᾳ</w> <w lemma="%2Apu%2Flas">Πύλας</w>, <w lemma="%2Adarei%3Don">Δαρεῖον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenon">χρησάμενον</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29amani%2Fdwn">Ἀμανίδων</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnwn">λεγομένων</w> <w lemma="%2Apulw%3Dn">Πυλῶν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fa%7C">πορείᾳ</w> <w lemma="kata%3Drai">κατᾶραι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akiliki%2Fan:">Κιλικίαν·</w>
<w lemma="puqo%2Fmenon">πυθόμενον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxwri%2Fwn">ἐγχωρίων</w> <w lemma="proa%2Fgein">προάγειν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fan">Συρίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29kolouqei%3Dn">ἀκολουθεῖν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsanta">συνεγγίσαντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stenoi%3Ds">στενοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratopedeu%3Dsai">στρατοπεδεῦσαι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Api%2Fnaron">Πίναρον</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fn">ποταμόν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpou">τόπου</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fsthm%27">διάστημ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tetta%2Frwn">τεττάρων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fwn">σταδίων</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parw%2Freian:">παρώρειαν·</w>
<w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="fe%2Fresqai">φέρεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnon">προειρημένον</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pika%2Frsion">ἐπικάρσιον</w>, <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29rw%3Dn">ὀρῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29krh%2Fgmata">ἐκρήγματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pleurw%3Dn">πλευρῶν</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdwn">ἐπιπέδων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="a%29poto%2Fmous">ἀποτόμους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusba%2Ftous">δυσβάτους</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffous">λόφους</w>.
<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28poqe%2Fmenos">ὑποθέμενος</w>, <w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fzoien">συνεγγίζοιεν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandron">Ἀλέξανδρον</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="u%28postrofh%3Ds">ὑποστροφῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrou%3Dntes">ἀναχωροῦντες</w>, <w lemma="kri%3Dnai%2F">κρῖναί</w> <w lemma="fhsi">φησι</w> <w lemma="%2Adarei%3Don">Δαρεῖον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fa%2Flagga">φάλαγγα</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcai">τάξαι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fa%7C">στρατοπεδείᾳ</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w>, <w lemma="xrh%2Fsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="potamw%3D%7C">ποταμῷ</w> <w lemma="problh%2Fmati">προβλήματι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="r%28ei%3Dn">ῥεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fan">στρατοπεδείαν</w>.
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta%2F">ταῦτά</w> <w lemma="fhsi">φησι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcai">τάξαι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fn">ποταμόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29xome%2Fnous">ἐχομένους</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peltasta%5Cs">πελταστὰς</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptontas">συνάπτοντας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fresi">ὄρεσι</w>.
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<head>A Criticism on Ephorus and Callisthenes</head>That I may not be thought to detract wantonly from<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note30">Callisthenes and the battle of Issus, B.C. 333.</note>the credit of such great writers, I will mention one battle, which is at once one of the most famous ever fought, and not too remote in point of time; and at which, above everything else, Callisthenes was himself present. I mean the battle between Alexander and Darius in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cilicia&groupId=467&placeId=350">Cilicia</a>. He says that "Alexander had already got through the pass called the Cilician Gates: and that Darius, availing himself of that by the Amanid Gates, made his way with his army into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cilicia&groupId=467&placeId=350">Cilicia</a>; but on learning from the natives that Alexander was on his way into <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syria&groupId=995&placeId=502">Syria</a>, he followed him; and having arrived at the pass leading to the south, pitched his camp on the bank of the river Pinarus. The width of the ground from the foot of the mountain to the sea was not more than fourteen stades, through which this river ran diagonally. On first issuing from the mountains its banks were broken, but in its course through the level down to the sea it ran between precipitous and steep hills." Starting with this description of the ground, he goes on to say that "When Alexander's army faced about, and,<pb n="96" />retracing its steps, was approaching to attack them, Darius and his officers determined to draw up their whole phalanx on the ground occupied by his encampment, as it then was, and to defend his front by the river, which flowed right along his camp." But he afterwards says that Darius "stationed his cavalry close to the sea, his mercenaries next along the river, and his peltasts next resting on the mountains."
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Walbank Commentary