Polybius, Histories

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Book 12 - Chapter 16

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<w lemma="%2Aneani%2Fskwn">Νεανίσκων</w> <w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="oi%29ke%2Ftou">οἰκέτου</w> <w lemma="diaferome%2Fnwn">διαφερομένων</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pai%3Dda">παῖδα</w>,
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<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="dusi%5C">δυσὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gro%5Cn">ἀγρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29lqo%2Fnta">ἐλθόντα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntos">παρόντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="despo%2Ftou">δεσπότου</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fas">βίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="oi%29%3Dkon">οἶκον</w> <w lemma="a%29phxe%2Fnai">ἀπηχέναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dlon">δοῦλον</w>,
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<w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteron">ἕτερον</w> <w lemma="ai%29sqo%2Fmenon">αἰσθόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29lqei%3Dn">ἐλθεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fan">οἰκίαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fnt%27">λαβόντ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fgein">ἀπάγειν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fnai">φάναι</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frion">κύριον</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnta">διδόντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gguhta%2Fs:">ἐγγυητάς·</w>
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<w lemma="keleu%2Fein">κελεύειν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaleu%2Fkou">Ζαλεύκου</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtoume%2Fnwn">ἀμφισβητουμένων</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fsews">κρίσεως</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28te%2Frou">ἑτέρου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontos">φάσκοντος</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%2Fn">ἀγωγήν</w> — <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sw%3Dma">σῶμα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fkein">ἥκειν</w> <w lemma="a%29pago%2Fmenon">ἀπαγόμενον</w> —
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prokaqhme%2Fnous">προκαθημένους</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontas">ἄρχοντας</w> <w lemma="diaporou%3Dntas">διαποροῦντας</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmatos">πράγματος</w> <w lemma="e%29pispa%2Fsasqai">ἐπισπάσασθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summetadou%3Dnai">συμμεταδοῦναι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kosmopo%2Flidi">κοσμοπόλιδι</w>.
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<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diastei%2Flasqai">διαστείλασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w>, <w lemma="fh%2Fsanta">φήσαντα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsxaton">ἔσχατον</w> <w lemma="a%29dh%2Friton">ἀδήριτον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3D%7C">ᾖ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="tina%5C">τινὰ</w> <w lemma="gegono%5Cs">γεγονὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="diamfisbhtou%2Fmenon:">διαμφισβητούμενον·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29felo%2Fmenos">ἀφελόμενος</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fa%7C">βίᾳ</w> <w lemma="para%2F">παρά</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="a%29paga%2Fgh%7C">ἀπαγάγῃ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28to%2Fn">αὑτόν</w>, <w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prou+pa%2Frxwn">προϋπάρχων</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dtai">ποιῆται</w> <w lemma="despo%2Fths">δεσπότης</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fan">κυρίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskou">νεανίσκου</w> <w lemma="deinopaqou%3Dntos">δεινοπαθοῦντος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontos">φάσκοντος</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nomoqe%2Ftou">νομοθέτου</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w>, <w lemma="prokale%2Fsasqai%2F">προκαλέσασθαί</w> <w lemma="fasi">φασι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kosmo%2Fpolin">κοσμόπολιν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="bou%2Fletai">βούλεται</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaleu%2Fkou">Ζαλεύκου</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmon">νόμον</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqisa%2Fntwn">καθισάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fwn">χιλίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bro%2Fxwn">βρόχων</w> <w lemma="kremasqe%2Fntwn">κρεμασθέντων</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="nomoqe%2Ftou">νομοθέτου</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs:">γνώμης·</w>
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<w lemma="o%28po%2Fteros">ὁπότερος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="fanh%3D%7C">φανῇ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dron">χεῖρον</w> <w lemma="e%29kdexo%2Fmenos">ἐκδεχόμενος</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="toiou%3Dton">τοιοῦτον</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29gxo%2Fnhs">ἀγχόνης</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fllusqai">ἀπόλλυσθαι</w> <w lemma="blepo%2Fntwn">βλεπόντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fwn">χιλίων</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="protei%2Fnantos">προτείναντος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kosmopo%2Flidos">κοσμοπόλιδος</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskon">νεανίσκον</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="fasin">φασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fnison">ἄνισον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkhn:">συνθήκην·</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fth">ἔτη</w> <w lemma="du%2F%27">δύ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fa">τρία</w> <w lemma="katalei%2Fpesqai">καταλείπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dn:">ζῆν·</w>
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<w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kosmo%2Fpolin">κοσμόπολιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="lei%3Dpon">λεῖπον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nenh%2Fkont%27">ἐνενήκοντ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29tw%3Dn:">ἐτῶν·</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fou">βίου</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="eu%29lo%2Fgwn">εὐλόγων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnein">μένειν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskos">νεανίσκος</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="eu%29trapeleusa%2Fmenos">εὐτραπελευσάμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fluse">ἐξέλυσε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="spoudh%2Fn">σπουδήν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxontes">ἄρχοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinan">ἔκριναν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kosmopo%2Flidos">κοσμοπόλιδος</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhn">γνώμην</w>.
<head>The Laws of Zaleucus</head>Two young men had a dispute about the ownership of<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note28">The laws of Zaleucus, and an incident in their working at Locri (for which he legislated, see<bibl n="Aristoph. Pol. 2.12" default="NO" valid="yes">Arist.<title>Pol.</title>2, 12</bibl>).</note>a slave. This slave had been in the possession of one of them for a long time; but two days before, as he was going to the farm without his master, the other laid violent hands upon him and dragged him to his house. When the first young man heard of this, he came to the house, seized the slave, and taking him before the magistrate asserted his ownership and offered sureties. For the law of Zaleucus ordained that the party from whom the abduction was made should have possession of the property in dispute, pending the decision of the suit. But the other man in accordance with the same law, alleged that he was the party from whom the abduction had been made, for the slave had been brought before the magistrate from his house. The magistrates who were trying the case were in doubt, and calling in the Cosmopolis<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note29">For this title see on<ref target="b22c19" targOrder="U">22, 19</ref>. It is found in inscriptions in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thasos&groupId=1020&placeId=1794">Thasos</a>, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Crete&groupId=505&placeId=949">Crete</a>, and Cibyra. C. I. G. 2163, c; 2583; 4380, b.</note>referred the point to him. He interpreted the law as meaning that "the abduction was always from that party in whose possession the property in dispute had last been for a certain period unquestioned; but that if another abducted this property from a holder, and then the original holder repossessed himself of it from the abductor, this was not abduction in the<pb n="95" />sense of the law." The young man, who thus lost his case, was not satisfied, and alleged that such was not the intention of the legislator. Thereupon the Cosmopolis summoned him to discuss the interpretation in accordance with the law of Zaleucus; that is, to argue on the interpretation of the law with him before the court of the one thousand, and with a halter round the neck of each: whichever should be shown to be wrong in his interpretation was to lose his life in the sight of the thousand. But the young man asserted that the compact was not a fair one, for the Cosmopolis, who happened to be nearly ninety, had only two or three years of life left, while in all reasonable probability he had not yet lived half his life. By this adroit rejoinder the young man turned off the affair as a jest: but the magistrates adjudged the question of abduction in accordance with the interpretation of the Cosmopolis.