Polybius, Histories

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Book 1 - Chapter 69

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<w lemma="a%29mfisbhtoume%2Fnwn">ἀμφισβητουμένων</w>. <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenos">παραγενόμενος</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xrhma%2Ftwn">χρημάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prospleu%2Fsas">προσπλεύσας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Atu%2Fnhta">Τύνητα</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnwn">λαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnas">ἡγεμόνας</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fzwn">συναθροίζων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnh">γένη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%2Fs">πολλούς</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29peti%2Fma">ἐπετίμα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dida%2Fskein">διδάσκειν</w> <w lemma="e%29peira%3Dto">ἐπειρᾶτο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paro%2Fntwn:">παρόντων·</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="pareka%2Flei">παρεκάλει</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ciw%3Dn">ἀξιῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnous">εὔνους</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="misqodo%2Ftais">μισθοδόταις</w>.
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<w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhse">ὥρμησε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fein">διαλύειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="prosofeilo%2Fmena">προσοφειλόμενα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ywni%2Fwn">ὀψωνίων</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnh">γένη</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="misqodosi%2Fan">μισθοδοσίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="%2Akampano%5Cs">Καμπανὸς</w> <w lemma="hu%29tomolhkw%5Cs">ηὐτομοληκὼς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dlos">δοῦλος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="swmatikh%5Cn">σωματικὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flman">τόλμαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemikoi%3Ds">πολεμικοῖς</w> <w lemma="para%2Fbolon">παράβολον</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnoma">ὄνομα</w> <w lemma="%2Aspe%2Fndios">Σπένδιος</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="eu%29labou%2Fmenos">εὐλαβούμενος</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenos">παραγενόμενος</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="despo%2Fths">δεσπότης</w> <w lemma="komi%2Fshtai">κομίσηται</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="no%2Fmous">νόμους</w> <w lemma="ai%29kisqei%5Cs">αἰκισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="diafqarh%3D%7C">διαφθαρῇ</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%29to%2Flma">ἐτόλμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w>, <w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="diako%2Fyai">διακόψαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fseis">διαλύσεις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbus">Λίβυς</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fqws">Μάθως</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29leu%2Fqeros">ἐλεύθερος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sunestrateume%2Fnwn">συνεστρατευμένων</w>, <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kekinhkw%5Cs">κεκινηκὼς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnas">προειρημένας</w> <w lemma="taraxa%2Fs">ταραχάς</w>. <w lemma="a%29gwniw%3Dn">ἀγωνιῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fsh%7C">τίσῃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="loipw%3Dn">λοιπῶν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkhn">δίκην</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aspe%2Fndion">Σπένδιον</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnwn">λαμβάνων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fbuas">Λίβυας</w> <w lemma="u%28pedei%2Fknue">ὑπεδείκνυε</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29ywniasmo%5Cn">ὀψωνιασμὸν</w> <w lemma="xwrisqe%2Fntwn">χωρισθέντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="genw%3Dn">γενῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdas">πατρίδας</w> <w lemma="a%29perei%2Fsontai">ἀπερείσονται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="boulh%2Fsontai">βουλήσονται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="timwri%2Fas">τιμωρίας</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="kataplh%2Fcasqai">καταπλήξασθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Alibu%2Fh%7C">Λιβύῃ</w>.
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<w lemma="taxu%5C">ταχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosanaseisqe%2Fntes">προσανασεισθέντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftois">τοιούτοις</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgois">λόγοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lambano%2Fmenoi">λαμβανόμενοι</w> <w lemma="braxei%2Fas">βραχείας</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%3Ds">ἀφορμῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Age%2Fskwna">Γέσκωνα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29yw%2Fnia">ὀψώνια</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fein">διαλύειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tima%5Cs">τιμὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppwn">ἵππων</w> <w lemma="u%28perti%2Fqesqai">ὑπερτίθεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="sune%2Ftrexon">συνέτρεχον</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fan">ἐκκλησίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aspendi%2Fou">Σπενδίου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Fqw">Μάθω</w> <w lemma="diaballo%2Fntwn">διαβαλλόντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kathgorou%2Fntwn">κατηγορούντων</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2Age%2Fskwnos">Γέσκωνος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fkouon">ἤκουον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosei%3Dxon">προσεῖχον</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelw%3Ds">ἐπιμελῶς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="nou%3Dn">νοῦν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnois">λεγομένοις</w>. <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fteros">ἕτερος</w> <w lemma="proporeuqei%2Fh">προπορευθείη</w> <w lemma="sumbouleu%2Fswn">συμβουλεύσων</w>,
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<w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="perimei%2Fnantes">περιμείναντες</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dnai">γνῶναι</w> <w lemma="po%2Fteron">πότερον</w> <w lemma="a%29nterw%3Dn">ἀντερῶν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="sunhgorh%2Fswn">συνηγορήσων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fresti">πάρεστι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aspe%2Fndion">Σπένδιον</w>, <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fllontes">βάλλοντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="li%2Fqois">λίθοις</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fkteinon">ἀπέκτεινον</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftw%7C">τοιούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sundroma%5Cs">συνδρομὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnwn">ἡγεμόνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29diwtw%3Dn">ἰδιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiron">διέφθειρον</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="r%28h%3Dma">ῥῆμα</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="suni%2Fesan">συνίεσαν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Flle">βάλλε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w>. <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Foun">ἐποίουν</w>, <w lemma="o%28po%2Fte">ὁπότε</w> <w lemma="mequsqe%2Fntes">μεθυσθέντες</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ri%2Fstwn">ἀρίστων</w> <w lemma="sundra%2Fmoien">συνδράμοιεν</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frcaito">ἄρξαιτο</w> <w lemma="ba%2Flle">βάλλε</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fneto">ἐγίνετο</w> <w lemma="pantaxo%2Fqen">πανταχόθεν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="taxe%2Fws">ταχέως</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="diafugei%3Dn">διαφυγεῖν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpac">ἅπαξ</w> <w lemma="proelqo%2Fntwn">προελθόντων</w>.
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<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tolmw%3Dntos">τολμῶντος</w> <w lemma="sumbouleu%2Fein">συμβουλεύειν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w>
<head>Mathōs and Spendius</head>Gesco came to Tunes by sea, bringing the money with him. There he held a meeting first of the officers, and then of the men, according to their nationalities; rebuked them for their past behaviour, and endeavoured to convince them as to their duty in the present: but most of all he dwelt upon their obligation in the future to show themselves well-disposed towards the people whose pay they had been so long enjoying. Finally, he proceeded to discharge the arrears of pay, taking each nationality separately.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note173">Spendius.</note>But there was a certain Campanian in the army, a runaway Roman slave named Spendius, a man of extraordinary physical strength and reckless courage in the field. Alarmed lest his master should recover possession of him, and he should be put to death with torture, in accordance with the laws of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, this man exerted himself to the utmost in word and deed to break off the arrangement with the Carthaginians.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note174">Mathōs.</note>He was seconded by a Libyan called Mathōs, who was not a slave but free, and had actually served in the campaign. But he had been one of the most active agitators in the late disturbances: and being in terror of punishment for the past, he now gave in his adhesion to the party of Spendius; and taking the Libyans aside, suggested to them that, when the men of other races had received their pay, and taken their departure to their several countries, the Carthaginians would wreak upon them the full weight of the resentment which they had, in common with themselves, incurred; and would look upon their punishment as a means of striking terror into all the inhabitants of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a>. It did not take long to rouse the men by such arguments, nor were they at a loss for a pretext, however insignificant. In discharging the pay, Gesco postponed the payment of the valuations of rations and horses.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note175">Spendius and Mathōs cause an outbreak.</note>This was enough: the men at once hurried to make a meeting; Spendius and Mathōs delivered violent invectives against Gesco and the Carthaginians; their words were received with every sign of approval; no one else could get a hearing; whoever did attempt to speak was promptly stoned to death, without the assembly so much as waiting to ascertain whether be intended to support the party of Spendius or no.<pb n="79" /><note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note176"><foreign lang="greek">βάλλε.</foreign></note>A considerable number of privates as well as officers were killed in this manner in the various<foreign lang="fr">émeutes</foreign>which took place; and from the constant repetition of this act of violence the whole army learnt the meaning of the word "throw," although there was not another word which was intelligible to them all in common. The most usual occasion for this to happen was when they collected in crowds flushed with wine after their midday meal. On such occasions, if only some one started the cry "throw," such volleys were poured in from every side, and with such rapidity, that it was impossible for any one to escape who once ventured to stand forward to address them. The result was that soon no one had the courage to offer them any counsel at all; and they accordingly appointed Mathōs and Spendius as their commanders.