Polybius, Histories

Translation

Book 7 - Chapter 4

<w lemma="%2A%28ierw%2Fnumos">Ἱερώνυμος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="proxeirisa%2Fmenos">προχειρισάμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aga%2Fqarxon">Ἀγάθαρχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29onhsige%2Fnh">Ὀνησιγένη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ipposqe%2Fnh">Ἱπποσθένη</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmpei">πέμπει</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w>, <w lemma="dou%5Cs">δοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ntola%5Cs">ἐντολὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dsde">τοῖσδε</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w>,

<w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pezikai%3Ds">πεζικαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nautikai%3Ds">ναυτικαῖς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesi">δυνάμεσι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunekbalo%2Fntas">συνεκβαλόντας</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="diele%2Fsqai">διελέσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="nh%3Dson">νῆσον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="e%29parxi%2Fas">ἐπαρχίας</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fron">ὅρον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ime%2Fran">Ἱμέραν</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fn">ποταμόν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista%2F">μάλιστά</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="di%2Fxa">δίχα</w> <w lemma="diairei%3D">διαιρεῖ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w>.

<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenoi">ἀφικόμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="diele%2Fgonto">διελέγοντο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpratton">ἔπραττον</w>, <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmws">ἑτοίμως</w> <w lemma="sugkatabaino%2Fntwn">συγκαταβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn:">Καρχηδονίων·</w>

<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ippokra%2Fthn">Ἱπποκράτην</w>, <w lemma="lamba%2Fnontes">λαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dras">χεῖρας</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="meira%2Fkion">μειράκιον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29yuxagw%2Fgoun">ἐψυχαγώγουν</w>, <w lemma="e%29chgou%2Fmenoi">ἐξηγούμενοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fa%7C">Ἰταλίᾳ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fas">πορείας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fceis">παρατάξεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxas">μάχας</w>,

<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="mhdeni%5C">μηδενὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkein">καθήκειν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fntwn">ἁπάντων</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeliwtw%3Dn">Σικελιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnw%7C">ἐκείνῳ</w>, <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Apu%2Frrou">Πύρρου</w> <w lemma="qugatro%5Cs">θυγατρὸς</w> <w lemma="ui%28o%5Cn">υἱὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="%2Anhrhi%2Fdos">Νηρηίδος</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnoian">εὔνοιαν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeliw%3Dtai">Σικελιῶται</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29do%2Fkhsan">εὐδόκησαν</w> <w lemma="sfw%3Dn">σφῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fn%27">ἡγεμόν᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w>, <w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ie%2Frwnos">Ἱέρωνος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fppou">πάππου</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w>.

<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29cwmi%2Flhsan">ἐξωμίλησαν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="meira%2Fkion">μειράκιον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="mhdeni%5C">μηδενὶ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxein">προσέχειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsei">φύσει</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29kata%2Fstaton">ἀκατάστατον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="metewrisqe%2Fn:">μετεωρισθέν·</w>

<w lemma="a%29kmh%5Cn">ἀκμὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aga%2Fqarxon">Ἀγάθαρχον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fni">Καρχηδόνι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fna">προειρημένα</w> <w lemma="diaprattome%2Fnwn">διαπραττομένων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fmpei">ἐπιπέμπει</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%2Fs">πρεσβευτάς</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskwn">φάσκων</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkein">καθήκειν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpasan">ἅπασαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ciw%3Dn">ἀξιῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pisxnou%2Fmenos">ὑπισχνούμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29parkei%3Dn">ἐπαρκεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w>.

<w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="a%29katastasi%2Fan">ἀκαταστασίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mani%2Fan">μανίαν</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="sunqew%2Fmenoi">συνθεώμενοι</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="meiraki%2Fou">μειρακίου</w>, <w lemma="nomi%2Fzontes">νομίζοντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpous">τρόπους</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Frein">συμφέρειν</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="proe%2Fsqai">προέσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fan">Σικελίαν</w>,

<w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnw%7C">ἐκείνῳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpanta">ἅπαντα</w> <w lemma="sugkate%2Fneuon">συγκατένευον</w>, <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="paraskeuasa%2Fmenoi">παρασκευασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="nau%3Ds">ναῦς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w>, <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="diabiba%2Fzein">διαβιβάζειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w>

Hieronymus, appointing Agatharchus, Onesigenes, and Hipposthenes, sent them to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> with Hannibal, their orders being to make a treaty on the following terms:

the Carthaginians were to assist him with land and sea forces, and after expelling the Romans from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> they were to divide the island so that the frontier of their respective provinces should be the river Himeras, which very nearly bisects <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>.

On their arrival in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> they discussed this matter and pursued the negotiations, the Carthaginians showing on all points a most accommodating spirit.

But Hippocrates and his brother, in confidential intercourse with Hieronymus, at first captivated him by giving him glowing accounts of Hannibal's marches, tactics, and battles,

and then went on to tell him that no one had a better right than himself to rule over the whole of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, in the first place because he was the son of nereis, the daughter of Pyrrhus, the only man whom all the Sicilians had accepted as their leader and king deliberately out of affection, and secondly, as the heir of the sovereignty of his grandfather Hiero.

Finally, they so far talked over the young man that he paid no heed at all to anyone else, being naturally of an unstable character and being now rendered much more feather-brained by their influence.

So while agatharchus and his colleagues were still negotiating at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> in the above sense, he sent off other envoys, affirming that the sovereignty of the whole of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> was his by right, demanding that the Carthaginians should help him to recover <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> and promising to assist them in their Italian campaign.

The Carthaginians, though they now clearly perceived in its full extent the fickleness and mental derangement of the young man, still thought it was in many ways against their interests to abandon Sicilian affairs, and therefore agreed to everything he asked, and having previously got ready ships and troops they prepared to send their forces across to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>.

Walbank Commentary

Overview

7.1.0 - 7.5.0

The defection of Hieronymus of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> The scope of this section can be seen from Livy, xxiv. 4. 1–7. 9, from P. (Klotz, Livius, 113, 159), which covers in a single narrative the events of 215/14 down to Hieronymus' death. This arrangement probably derives from P., who will have included only one set of res Siciliae in vii (see above, p. 2). Livy, xxiv. 4–5, describes events from a little before Hiero's death to the removal of Thraso (cf. 2. 2 n.); his account is much compressed, but there is no need to assume contamination with a non-Polybian source (so Jacoby, on FGH 268 F 4; below, 7. 1 n.).

Specifics

7.4.1 - 7.4.1

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἀγάθαρχον καὶ Ὀνησιγένη καὶ Ἱπποσθένη</w>:</emph> otherwise unknown. For Hannibal cf. 2. 3.

7.4.2 - 7.4.2

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸν Ἱμέραν ποταμόν</w>:</emph> <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> possesses two rivers named Himeras. The northern one rises south-west of Monte Salvatore, flowsnorth-west and has its mouth 35 stades east of Panormus and 18 stades west of Cephaloedium (Strabo, vi. 266); it is the modern Fiume Grande. The southern one, the Fiume Salso, is the second largest river in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>. Rising near Gangi in the Heraean mountains it flows south and reaches the sea at Phintias (mod. Licata). One of its tributaries, however, has its source about a mile from that of the Fiume Grande, and ancient tradition made the two rivers rise from a single spring and so form virtually one stream dividing <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>; cf. Livy, xxiv. 6. 7; Strabo, vi. 266, '<w lang="el-GR">Ἱμέραν ποταμὸν . . . διὰ μέσης ῥέοντα τῆς Σικελίας</w>; Mela, ii. 119, 'de amnibus Himeras referendus, quia in media admodum ortus in diuersa decurrit scindensque eam utrimque alio ore in Libycum alio in Tuscum mare deuenit'. Cf. Ziegler, RE, 'Himeras', cols. 1620–1.

7.4.4 - 7.4.4

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰς ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ πορείας . . . καὶ παρατάξεις καὶ μάχας</w>:</emph> 'Hannibal's marches inside <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, his marshalling of the line, and his battles'.

7.4.5 - 7.4.5

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς Πύρρου θυγατρὸς . . . Νηρηίδος</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xxiv. 6. 8, 'Pyrrhi . . . regis, materni aui', following P. Nereis and her sister Deidamia were the daughters of Pyrrhus, the great Pyrrhus, according to P. here, and to Pausanias (vi. 12. 3); Polyaenus (viii. 4. 5) also makes Deidamia's father Pyrrhus, without specifying which. However, Pausanias (iv. 35. 3) calls Deidamia <w lang="el-GR">θυγάτηρ . . . Πύρρου τοῦ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Πύρρου</w>, thus making her the daughter of Pyrrhus II, Pyrrhus I's grandson (Pausanias erroneously makes him his great-grandson). Further, since Hieronymus was 15 at Hiero's death in 215 (2. 2 n.), the marriage of his mother Nereis to Gelo preceded 230, and probably took place before the Epirote revolution. <milestone unit="page" n="34">[34]</milestone> If Harmonia, who seems to have been older than Hieronymus (Livy, xxiv. 24. 2–6; Beloch, iv. 2. 284), was also a child of Nereis, the marriage may have taken place about 235: but this relationship is not certain, nor is it known who was the mother of the brothers mentioned in 2. 2. Pyrrhus I died in 272, and the probability is perhaps against Gelo's having married a princess in her late thirties (Cross, 125); moreover Iustinus (xxviii. 3. 4) calls her uirgo (hardly an indication 'that there . . . was something unusual about Nereis being a uirgo when she married', as Oost, 102, thinks). This might seem to favour the view that Nereis and Deidamia were daughters of Pyrrhus II, and the great-granddaughters of Pyrrhus I. But Nereis' age is by no means a decisive factor in a political marriage, and the evidence of Paus. iv. 35. 3 (which is in any case inaccurate) is hardly enough to counter the combined weight of Paus. vi. 12. 3 and P. It therefore seems most likely, though not certain, that Nereis was the daughter of Pyrrhus I, born shortly before his death. Corradi (Atti Acc. Torino, 1911–12, 206) suggests that her and Deidamia's mother was the daughter of Audoleon, king of Paeonia (Plut. Pyrrh. 9. 1); this is conjectural. But there are no grounds for making the two princesses daughters of Alexander II (so CAH, vii, genealogical tree I), a view inconsistent with all ancient evidence. For discussion see G. Corradi, Atti Acc. Torino, 1911–12, 192–215; P. Treves, Rend. Linc. 1932, 200–2; Oost, 101 n. 24; Lvque, 680–2 (Nereis daughter of Pyrrhus I); Niese, ii. 196; Beloch, iv. 2. 150–2; Cross, 124–7; Berve, Hieron, 62 (Nereis daughter of Pyrrhus II). For dedications by Nereis at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Olympia&groupId=809&placeId=1462">Olympia</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Delphi&groupId=534&placeId=363">Delphi</a>, mentioning Alexander and Olympias, see Syll. 453; they contribute nothing to the problem considered here. <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἡγεμόν᾽ εἶναι καὶ βασιλέα</w>:</emph> Pyrrhus I fought the Carthaginians in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> from autumn 278 to spring 275 (i. 6. 7 n.); cf. Diod. xxii. 8, 10–13; Plut. Pyrrh. 22–24; Iustin. xviii. 2. 11–12, xxiii. 3; Dion. Hal. xx. 8. For the title cf. Iustin. xxiii. 3. 2, 'cum Syracusas uenisset, rex Siciliae sicut Epiri appellatur'; Iustinus (xxiii. 3. 3) adds that he destined his son Helenus as his successor in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, but there is clearly confusion with Alexander, his son by Lanassa, the daughter of Agathocles (Cross, 82 n. 2). The title <w lang="el-GR">ἡγεμὼν καὶ βασιλεύς</w> seems later to have been borne by Hiero; cf. Syll. 427, <w lang="el-GR">βασιλέος ἁγε[ομένου] Ἱέρωνος Ἱεροκλέος Συρακόσιοι θεοῖς πᾶσι</w>. See Httl, 134–5; contra Lvque, 460 n. 4. In Hiero's case the <w lang="el-GR">ἡγεμονία</w> relates to the allied cities, the <w lang="el-GR">βασιλεία</w> to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a> (Stauffenberg, 85); but the same distinction is not necessarily true for Pyrrhus. The words <w lang="el-GR">σφῶν αὐτῶν</w> (going with both <w lang="el-GR">ἡγεμόνα</w> and <w lang="el-GR">βασιλέ?α)</w> imply that the kingship was over all <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>; but the phraseology is that of Hieronymus' flatterers and need not commit P. Probably only a group of Sicilian cities recognized Pyrrhus (cf. Aymard, Rel. Sci. Stor. ii. 221–2). Whether <milestone unit="page" n="35">[35]</milestone> Pyrrhus' monarchy in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> is to be regarded as national or purely personal cannot at present be determined; cf. Lvque, 460–2. For Pyrrhus' coins in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> see Holm, Gesch. Sic. iii. 690–2; W. Giesecke, Sicilia numismatica (Leipzig, 1923), 105–12; Lvque, 463–74, 691–8 (with bibliography).

7.4.7 - 7.4.7

<emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὴν . . . τῆς Σικελίας ἀρχήν</w>:</emph> i.e. Hieronymus claimed the whole island, and offered help to Hannibal in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> in return for Punic help in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syracuse&groupId=994&placeId=1753">Syracuse</a>; cf. Livy, xxiv. 6. 8.

Polybius, Histories

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