Polybius, Histories

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Book 6 - Chapter 18

1
<w lemma="%2Atoiau%2Fths">Τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fptein">βλάπτειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunergei%3Dn">συνεργεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fseis">περιστάσεις</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28rmogh%5Cn">ἁρμογὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="eu%28rei%3Dn">εὑρεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29mei%2Fnw">ἀμείνω</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w> <w lemma="su%2Fstasin">σύστασιν</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%2Fr">γάρ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcwqen">ἔξωθεν</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cs">κοινὸς</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbos">φόβος</w> <w lemma="e%29pista%5Cs">ἐπιστὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagka%2Fsh%7C">ἀναγκάσῃ</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="sumfronei%3Dn">συμφρονεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunergei%3Dn">συνεργεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w>, <w lemma="thlikau%2Fthn">τηλικαύτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="poli">πολι</w>
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<w lemma="teu%2Fmatos">τεύματος</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="paralei%2Fpesqai">παραλείπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntwn">δεόντων</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fn">μηδέν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prospeso%5Cn">προσπεσὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pinoi%2Fais">ἐπινοίαις</w> <w lemma="a%28millwme%2Fnwn">ἁμιλλωμένων</w>, <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kriqe%5Cn">κριθὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28sterei%3Dn">ὑστερεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w>, <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="sunergou%3Dntos">συνεργοῦντος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnou">προκειμένου</w> <w lemma="sunte%2Fleian">συντέλειαν</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29nupo%2Fstaton">ἀνυπόστατον</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="panto%5Cs">παντὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29fiknei%3Dsqai">ἐφικνεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kriqe%2Fntos">κριθέντος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29dio%2Fthta">ἰδιότητα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="politeu%2Fmatos">πολιτεύματος</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29poluqe%2Fntes">ἀπολυθέντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbwn">φόβων</w> <w lemma="e%29ndiatri%2Fbwsi">ἐνδιατρίβωσι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="eu%29tuxi%2Fais">εὐτυχίαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="periousi%2Fais">περιουσίαις</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="katorqwma%2Ftwn">κατορθωμάτων</w>, <w lemma="a%29polau%2Fontes">ἀπολαύοντες</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29daimoni%2Fas">εὐδαιμονίας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="u%28pokolakeuo%2Fmenoi">ὑποκολακευόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cqumou%3Dntes">ῥᾳθυμοῦντες</w> <w lemma="tre%2Fpwntai">τρέπωνται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fbrin">ὕβριν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28perhfani%2Fan">ὑπερηφανίαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="filei%3D">φιλεῖ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w>,
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<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="sunidei%3Dn">συνιδεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5C">αὐτὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="porizo%2Fmenon">ποριζόμενον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="poli%2Fteuma">πολίτευμα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="boh%2Fqeian">βοήθειαν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29peida%5Cn">ἐπειδὰν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29coidou%3Dn">ἐξοιδοῦν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="filoneikh%3D%7C">φιλονεικῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ple%2Fon">πλέον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fontos">δέοντος</w> <w lemma="e%29pikrath%3D%7C">ἐπικρατῇ</w>, <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29deno%5Cs">οὐδενὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29totelou%3Ds">αὐτοτελοῦς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntos">ὄντος</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ntispa%3Dsqai">ἀντισπᾶσθαι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parapodi%2Fzesqai">παραποδίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnhs">δυναμένης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstou">ἑκάστου</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w> <w lemma="u%28p%27">ὑπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29coidei%3D">ἐξοιδεῖ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28perfronei%3D">ὑπερφρονεῖ</w>.
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<w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29mme%2Fnei">ἐμμένει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnois">ὑποκειμένοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kwluo%2Fmena">κωλυόμενα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%3Ds">ὁρμῆς</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Fta">δεδιότα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flas">πέλας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fstasin">ἐπίστασιν</w>. [<foreign lang="la">Cod. Urb. fol. 66 exc. ant. p. 177</foreign>.<w lemma=""></w>]
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28o">Ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dikta%2Ftwr">δικτάτωρ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diafora%5Cn">διαφορὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn:">ὑπάτων·</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frw%7C">ἑκατέρῳ</w> <w lemma="dw%2Fdeka">δώδεκα</w> <w lemma="pele%2Fkeis">πελέκεις</w> <w lemma="a%29kolouqou%3Dsi">ἀκολουθοῦσι</w>, <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttares">τέτταρες</w>, <w lemma="ka%29kei%3Dnoi">κἀκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w> <w lemma="prosde%2Fontai">προσδέονται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="suntelei%3Dn">συντελεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs">ἐπιβολάς</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtos">οὗτος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tokra%2Ftwr">αὐτοκράτωρ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%2Fs">στρατηγός</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="katastaqe%2Fntos">κατασταθέντος</w> <w lemma="paraxrh%3Dma">παραχρῆμα</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fesqai">διαλύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="dhma%2Frxwn">δημάρχων</w>. <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29kribeste%2Fran">ἀκριβεστέραν</w> <w lemma="poihso%2Fmeqa">ποιησόμεθα</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="diastolh%2Fn">διαστολήν</w>. [<foreign lang="la">Polyb. III, 87, 7.</foreign>]
Such being the power that each part has of hampering the others or co-operating with them, their union is adequate to all emergencies, so that it is impossible to find a better political system than this.
For whenever the menace of some common danger from abroad compels them to act in concord and support each other, so great does the strength of the state become, that nothing which is requisite can be neglected, as all are zealously competing in devising means of meeting the need of the hour,
nor can any decision arrived at fail to be executed promptly, as all are co-operating both in public and in private to the accomplishment of the task which they have set themselves;
and consequently this peculiar form of constitution possesses an irresistible power of attaining every object upon which it is resolved.
When again they are freed from external menace, and reap the harvest of good fortune and affluence which is the result of their success, and in the enjoyment of this prosperity are corrupted by flattery and idleness and wax insolent and overbearing, as indeed happens often enough,
it is then especially that we see the state providing itself a remedy for the evil from which it suffers.
For when one part having grown out of proportion to the others aims at supremacy and tends to become too predominant, it is evident that, as for the reasons above given none of the three is absolute, but the purpose of the one can be counterworked and thwarted by the others, none of them will excessively outgrow the others or treat them with contempt.
All in fact remains in statu quo, on the one hand, because any aggressive impulse is sure to be checked and from the outset each estate stands in dread of being interfered with by the others. . . .