Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 6 - Chapter 17

1
<w lemma="%2A%28omoi%2Fws">Ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dmos">δῆμος</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fxrew%2Fs">ὑπόχρεώς</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftw%7C">συγκλήτῳ</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stoxa%2Fzesqai">στοχάζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="o%29fei%2Flei">ὀφείλει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w>.
2
<w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kdidome%2Fnwn">ἐκδιδομένων</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="timhtw%3Dn">τιμητῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeua%5Cs">ἐπισκευὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataskeua%5Cs">κατασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="dhmosi%2Fwn">δημοσίων</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2F">ἅ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29cariqmh%2Fsaito">ἐξαριθμήσαιτο</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cdi%2Fws">ῥᾳδίως</w>, <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="potamw%3Dn">ποταμῶν</w>, <w lemma="lime%2Fnwn">λιμένων</w>, <w lemma="khpi%2Fwn">κηπίων</w>, <w lemma="meta%2Fllwn">μετάλλων</w>, <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>, <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fptwken">πέπτωκεν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w>,
3
<w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzesqai">χειρίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fna">προειρημένα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpos">ἔπος</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29ndede%2Fsqai">ἐνδεδέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="w%29nai%3Ds">ὠναῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29rgasi%2Fais">ἐργασίαις</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn:">τούτων·</w>
4
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29gora%2Fzousi">ἀγοράζουσι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="timhtw%3Dn">τιμητῶν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kdo%2Fseis">ἐκδόσεις</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="koinwnou%3Dsi">κοινωνοῦσι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29gguw%3Dntai">ἐγγυῶνται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29gorako%2Ftas">ἠγορακότας</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29si%2Fas">οὐσίας</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fasi">διδόασι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dhmo%2Fsion">δημόσιον</w>.
5
<w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fan">κυρίαν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fdrion:">συνέδριον·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnatai">δύναται</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dnai">δοῦναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumptw%2Fmatos">συμπτώματος</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="koufi%2Fsai">κουφίσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fpan">παράπαν</w> <w lemma="a%29duna%2Ftou">ἀδυνάτου</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="sumba%2Fntos">συμβάντος</w> <w lemma="a%29polu%3Dsai">ἀπολῦσαι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29rgwni%2Fas">ἐργωνίας</w>.
6
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="dh%2F">δή</w> <w lemma="tin%27">τιν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%2Fn">ἐστίν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fptei">βλάπτει</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%3D">ὠφελεῖ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="dhmo%2Fsia">δημόσια</w> <w lemma="xeiri%2Fzontas">χειρίζοντας</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos:">σύγκλητος·</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29nafora%5C">ἀναφορὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnetai">γίνεται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w>.
7
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="a%29podi%2Fdontai">ἀποδίδονται</w> <w lemma="kritai%5C">κριταὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="dhmosi%2Fwn">δημοσίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29diwtikw%3Dn">ἰδιωτικῶν</w> <w lemma="sunallagma%2Ftwn">συναλλαγμάτων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29gklhma%2Ftwn">ἐγκλημάτων</w>.
8
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ndedeme%2Fnoi">ἐνδεδεμένοι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Ftes">δεδιότες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fas">χρείας</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fdhlon">ἄδηλον</w>, <w lemma="eu%29labw%3Ds">εὐλαβῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxousi">ἔχουσι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29nsta%2Fseis">ἐνστάσεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fceis">ἀντιπράξεις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="boulhma%2Ftwn">βουλημάτων</w>.
9
<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="dusxerw%3Ds">δυσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipra%2Fttousi">ἀντιπράττουσι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrois">ὑπαίθροις</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fptein">πίπτειν</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fan">ἐξουσίαν</w>.
Similarly, again, the people must be submissive to the senate and respect its members both in public and in private.
Through the whole of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> a vast number of contracts, which it would not be easy to enumerate, are given out by the censors for the construction and repair of public buildings, and besides this there are many things which are farmed, such as navigable rivers, harbours, gardens, mines, lands, in fact everything that forms part of the Roman dominion.
Now all these matters are undertaken by the people, and one may almost say that everyone is interested in these contracts and the work they involved.
For certain people are the actual purchasers from the censors of the contracts, others are the partners of these first, others stand surety for them, others pledge their own fortunes to the state for this purpose.
Now in all these matters the senate is supreme. It can grant extension of time; it can relieve the contractor if any accident occurs; and if the work proves to be absolutely impossible to carry out it can liberate him from his contract.
There are in fact many ways in which the senate can either benefit or indicate those who manage public property, as all these matters are referred to it.
What is even most important is that the judges in most civil trials, whether public or private, are appointed from its members, where the action involves large interests.
So that all citizens being at the mercy of the senate, and looking forward with alarm to the uncertainty of litigation, are very shy of obstructing or resisting its decisions.
Similarly everyone is reluctant to oppose the projects of the consuls as all are generally and individually under their authority when in the field.