Polybius, Histories
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Book 31 - Chapter 4

1
<head lang="la">II. Res Graeciae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ro%2Fdioi">Ῥόδιοι</w> <w lemma="diapepneuko%2Ftes">διαπεπνευκότες</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="dusxerei%2Fas">δυσχερείας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpempon">ἔπεμπον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akleago%2Fran">Κλεαγόραν</w>,
2
<w lemma="%2Aka%2Flunda">Κάλυνδα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29ciw%2Fsontas">ἀξιώσοντας</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="paraxwrhqh%3Dnai">παραχωρηθῆναι</w>,
3
<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29xo%2Fntwn">ἐχόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Aluki%2Fa%7C">Λυκίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akari%2Fa%7C">Καρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kth%2Fseis">κτήσεις</w> <w lemma="ai%29thsome%2Fnous">αἰτησομένους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fn%27">ἵν᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3D%7C">ἐξῇ</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%5C">καθὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>.
4
<w lemma="e%29yhfi%2Fsanto">ἐψηφίσαντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kolosso%5Cn">κολοσσὸν</w> <w lemma="sth%3Dsai">στῆσαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="dh%2Fmou">δήμου</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhna%3Ds">Ἀθηνᾶς</w> <w lemma="i%28erw%3D%7C">ἱερῷ</w> <w lemma="triakonta%2Fphxun">τριακοντάπηχυν</w>. —
<head>II. Affairs of Greece</head><head>Rhodes and Caria</head>The Rhodians, delivered from their difficult position, now breathed freely and sent Cleagoras on an embassy to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>
to beg that Calynda might be ceded to them and to ask the senate to allow those of their citizens who owned property in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lycia&groupId=711&placeId=1304">Lycia</a> and Caria to hold possession of it as before.
They also voted to erect in the temple of Athena a colossal statue of the Roman People thirty cubits high.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
31.4.1 - 31.5.5
<p rend="Plain Text"><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> and Caria (163)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">These two excerpts from de legat. gent. probably belong to the res Asiae of Ol. 154, 1 = 164/3; but Rhodian affairs generally stand between res Graeciae and Asiae, and one cannot be sure in each case to which they belong (cf. xxviii. 16 (ambiguous), xxii. 5 (Asian)). Here they could be under res Graeciae (as in Bttner-Wobst).</p>
Specifics
31.4.1 - 31.4.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τῆς . . . δυσχερείας</w>:</emph> their long period of strained relations with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> from the Third Macedonian War to the granting of a treaty in 164 (xxx. 31. 20 n.). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Κλεαγόραν</w>:</emph> unknown. </p>
31.4.2 - 31.4.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Κάλυνδα</w>:</emph> this town on the border of Caria and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lycia&groupId=711&placeId=1304">Lycia</a> lay about 80 stades (8 miles) south of Caunus, and east of the river Indus (Dalaman ayi); cf. Herod. i. 172; Strabo, xiv. 2. 2, C. 651 (who puts it 60 stades from the sea); Pliny, Nat. hist. v. 103; Ptol. Geog. v. 3. 2. According to ATL, i. 504, ii. 86 it paid a talent to the Delian League, and in the mid third century it was independent but under Ptolemaic suzerainty (P. Cair. Zen. iii. 59341: 247 B.C.). The visit of Delphic theoroi in 200 (Plassart, BCH, 1921, 6) suggests that it was still independent then (contra Jones, CERP <emph rend="superscript">2</emph> , 50), but early in the second century (Schmitt, Rom und Rhodos, 175, put it as late as 166) it fell under Caunus. Occasional second-and first-century coins are found: cf. B.M.C. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lycia&groupId=711&placeId=1304">Lycia</a>, xlvi, 48. The site has not been firmly identified, but the hill of Kozpinar, c. 4 km. from Dalaman iftlii towards Fethiye (Telmessus), with an early Hellenistic ring-wall, overlooking and commanding the Dalaman ay1 valley (Indus), and with the Kargin ayl (probably the Axon) at its base, was identified as Calynda by Arkwright (JHS, 1895, 97), a view still <milestone unit="page" n="469">[469]</milestone> regarded as likely by G. E. Bean, who visited it in 1946 and 1950 (description in JHS, 1953, 26 n. 82); Robert, t. anat. 493 n. 2 is noncommittal. See Brchner, RE, 'Kalynda', cols. 1771–2; Meyer, Grenzen, 46 n. 2. For the background of the Rhodian request see 5. 1–5. </p>
31.4.3 - 31.4.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">περὶ . . . τῶν ἐχόντων ἐν τῇ Λυκίᾳ καὶ Καρίᾳ κτήσεις</w>:</emph> dating from the Rhodian domination. For the assignment of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Lycia&groupId=711&placeId=1304">Lycia</a> and Caria to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> in 188 see xxi. 46. 8 n., and, for their liberation in 167, xxx. 5. 12 n. The Senate's decision on these property-rights is not recorded. </p>
31.4.4 - 31.4.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κολοσσὸν στῆσαι τοῦ δήμου τῶν Ῥωμαίων</w>:</emph> on such colossal statues see xviii. 16. 2 n.; on the spread of the cult of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (Dea Roma, Urbs Roma or <w lang="el-GR">ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ῥωμαίων)</w> see xxx. 5. 4 n. It is attested at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhodes&groupId=931&placeId=1665">Rhodes</a> from the first century, when an inscription, dated by J. and L. Robert (Bull. pig. 1951, no. 153) to after 65, mentions a <w lang="el-GR">ἱερεὺς Ῥώμας</w> (M. Segre, Parola del Passato, 1949, 73 f.) and a trieteric <w lang="el-GR">Ῥωμαῖα</w> festival existed (IG, xii. 1. 46 and 730 = Syll. 724). Cult and festival need not have been set up simultaneously. Holleaux (tudes, i. 381–6) put both in 196, and Moretti (Riv. fil. 1950, 339) put the setting-up of the festival in or just after 189. Schmitt (Rom und Rhodos, 175–6 n. 1) suggests that both cult and festival may originate now and that this statue was linked with the event; though plausible, the theory must await confirmatory evidence. A thirty-cubit statue would be nearly 45 ft. high. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐν τῷ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερῷ</w>:</emph> probably in the temple of Athena Polias, on the citadel; for remains see Clara Rhodos, i, 1928, 48. Jacoby, FGH, vol. iii b (Noten), 265, thinks rather of a statue in the temple of Athena at Lindus. </p>

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