<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fina">Ἵνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="a%29gnooume%2Fnwn">ἀγνοουμένων</w> <w lemma="panta%2Fpasin">παντάπασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29safh%3D">ἀσαφῆ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnh%7C">συμβαίνῃ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsin">διήγησιν</w>, <w lemma="r%28hte%2Fon">ῥητέον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="po%2Fqen">πόθεν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsas">ὁρμήσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fnas">τίνας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fsous">πόσους</w> <w lemma="dielqw%5Cn">διελθὼν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="poi%3Da">ποῖα</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="kath%3Dre">κατῆρε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fas">Ἰταλίας</w>.
<w lemma="r%28hte%2Fon">ῥητέον</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="au%29ta%5Cs">αὐτὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="o%29nomasi%2Fas">ὀνομασίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="potamw%3Dn">ποταμῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dsi">ποιοῦσι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fwn">συγγραφέων</w>, <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnontes">ὑπολαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="panti%5C">παντὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dsin">γνῶσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="safh%2Fneian">σαφήνειαν</w> <w lemma="au%29totele%5Cs">αὐτοτελὲς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>.
<w lemma="oi%29%3Dmai">οἶμαι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gnwrizome%2Fnwn">γνωριζομένων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mikra%5C">μικρὰ</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sumba%2Fllesqai">συμβάλλεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pepoi%2Fhke">πεποίηκε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fmnhsin">ἀνάμνησιν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29noma%2Ftwn">ὀνομάτων</w> <w lemma="para%2Fqesis:">παράθεσις·</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29gnooume%2Fnwn">ἀγνοουμένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fan">ὁμοίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxei">ἔχει</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29noma%2Ftwn">ὀνομάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsis">ἐξήγησις</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29dianoh%2Ftois">ἀδιανοήτοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="krousmatikai%3Ds">κρουσματικαῖς</w> <w lemma="le%2Fcesi">λέξεσι</w>.
<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dianoi%2Fas">διανοίας</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29pereidome%2Fnhs">ἀπερειδομένης</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnhs">δυναμένης</w> <w lemma="e%29farmo%2Fttein">ἐφαρμόττειν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Frimon">γνώριμον</w>, <w lemma="a%29nupo%2Ftaktos">ἀνυπότακτος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kwfh%5C">κωφὴ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fneq%27">γίνεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsis">διήγησις</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="u%28podeikte%2Fos">ὑποδεικτέος</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpos">τρόπος</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29gnooume%2Fnwn">ἀγνοουμένων</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgontas">λέγοντας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="poso%5Cn">ποσὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqina%5Cs">ἀληθινὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gnwri%2Fmous">γνωρίμους</w> <w lemma="e%29nnoi%2Fas">ἐννοίας</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fontas">ἀκούοντας</w>. <w lemma="%2Aprw%2Fth">Πρώτη</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsth">μεγίστη</w> <w lemma="gnw%3Dsis">γνῶσις</w>,
<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="koinh%5C">κοινὴ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5Cn">ἐστὶν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fxontos">περιέχοντος</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="diai%2Fresis">διαίρεσις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcis">τάξις</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Ffelos">ὄφελος</w>, <w lemma="a%29natola%2Fs">ἀνατολάς</w>, <w lemma="du%2Fseis">δύσεις</w>, <w lemma="meshmbri%2Fan">μεσημβρίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29%2Frkton">ἄρκτον</w> <w lemma="gnwri%2Fzomen:">γνωρίζομεν·</w>
<w lemma="deute%2Fra">δευτέρα</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fsth%7C">ἑκάστῃ</w> <w lemma="diafora%3D%7C">διαφορᾷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="gh%3Ds">γῆς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="u%28pota%2Fttontes">ὑποτάττοντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frontes">φέροντες</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="dianoi%2Fa%7C">διανοίᾳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="gnwri%2Fmous">γνωρίμους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fqeis">συνήθεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pinoi%2Fas">ἐπινοίας</w> <w lemma="e%29mpi%2Fptomen">ἐμπίπτομεν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29gnw%2Fstwn">ἀγνώστων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w>
|
That my narrative may not be altogether obscure to readers owing to their ignorance of the topography I must explain whence Hannibal started, what countries he traversed, and into what part of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> he descended. Nor must I simply give the names of countries, rivers, and cities, as some authors do under the idea that this is amply sufficient for a clear knowledge. I am of opinion that as regards known countries the mention of names is of no small assistance in recalling them to our memory, but in the case of unknown lands such citation of names is just of as much value as if they were unintelligible and inarticulate sounds. For the mind here has nothing to lean upon for support and cannot connect the words with anything known to it, so that the narrative is associated with nothing in the readers\' mind,<note place="end" resp="tr" id="note4"><emph rend="bold">the narrative is associated with nothing in the readers\' mind:</emph>Cf. Bk. v.21.4.</note>and therefore meaningless to him. We must therefore make it possible when speaking of unknown places to convey to the reader a more or less real and familiar notion of them. Now the primary and most general conception and one common to all mankind is the division and ordering of the heavens by which all of us, even those of the meanest capacity, distinguish East, West, South, and North. The next step in knowledge is to classify the parts of the earth under each of these divisions, ever mentally referring each statement to one of them until we arrived at a familiar conception of unknown and unseen regions.
|
|
Walbank Commentary