Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 22

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<w lemma="%2Agίnontai">Γίνονται</w> <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="sunqh%3Dkai">συνθῆκαι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdonίois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dtai">πρῶται</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Aleύkion">Λεύκιον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ioύnion">Ἰούνιον</w> <w lemma="%2Abrou%3Dton">Βροῦτον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amάrkon">Μάρκον</w> <w lemma="%2A%28wrάtion">Ὡράτιον</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="prώtous">πρώτους</w> <w lemma="katastaqέntas">κατασταθέντας</w> <w lemma="u%28pάtous">ὑπάτους</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="basilέwn">βασιλέων</w> <w lemma="katάlusin">κατάλυσιν</w>, <w lemma="u%28f’">ὑφ’</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="sunέbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="kaqierwqh%3Dnai">καθιερωθῆναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Adio%5Cs">Διὸς</w> <w lemma="i%28ero%5Cn">ἱερὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akapetwlίou">Καπετωλίου</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="prόtera">πρότερα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Acέrcou">Ξέρξου</w> <w lemma="diabάsews">διαβάσεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellάda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="triάkont’">τριάκοντ’</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftesi">ἔτεσι</w> <w lemma="leίpousi">λείπουσι</w> <w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="kaq’">καθ’</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29kribέstata">ἀκριβέστατα</w> <w lemma="diermhneύsantes">διερμηνεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pogegrάfamen">ὑπογεγράφαμεν</w>. <w lemma="thlikaύth">τηλικαύτη</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="diafora%5C">διαφορὰ</w> <w lemma="gέgone">γέγονε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="dialέktou">διαλέκτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxaίan">ἀρχαίαν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="sunetwtάtous">συνετωτάτους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnia">ἔνια</w> <w lemma="mόlis">μόλις</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29pistάsews">ἐπιστάσεως</w> <w lemma="dieukrinei%3Dn">διευκρινεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29si%5C">εἰσὶ</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%3Dkai">συνθῆκαι</w> <w lemma="toiaίde">τοιαίδε</w> <w lemma="tinέs:">τινές·</w> <w lemma="“e%29pi%5C">“ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Dsde">τοῖσδε</w> <w lemma="filίan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summάxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdonίois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdonίwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="summάxois:">συμμάχοις·</w>
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<w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dn">πλεῖν</w> [<w lemma="makrai%3Ds">μακραῖς</w> <w lemma="nausί">ναυσί</w>] <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summάxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="e%29pέkeina">ἐπέκεινα</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akalou%3D">Καλοῦ</w> <w lemma="a%29krwthrίou">ἀκρωτηρίου</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="polemίwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkasqw%3Dsin:">ἀναγκασθῶσιν·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="dέ">δέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="bίa%7Ckatenexqh%3D%7C">βίᾳκατενεχθῇ</w>, <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="e%29cέstw">ἐξέστω</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29gorάzein">ἀγοράζειν</w> <w lemma="mhde%5C">μηδὲ</w> <w lemma="lambάnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ploίou">πλοίου</w> <w lemma="e%29piskeuh%5Cn">ἐπισκευὴν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="i%28erά">ἱερά</w>,
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[<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pέnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="h%28mέrais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="a%29potrexέtw">ἀποτρεχέτω</w>.]
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<w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kat’">κατ’</w> <w lemma="e%29mporίan">ἐμπορίαν</w> <w lemma="paraginomέnois">παραγινομένοις</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstw">ἔστω</w> <w lemma="tέlos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="kήruki">κήρυκι</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="grammatei%3D">γραμματεῖ</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="d’">δ’</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="toύtwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="parόntwn">παρόντων</w> <w lemma="praqh%3D%7C">πραθῇ</w>, <w lemma="dhmosίa%7C">δημοσίᾳ</w> <w lemma="pίstei">πίστει</w> <w lemma="o%29feilέsqw">ὀφειλέσθω</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="a%29podomέnw%7C">ἀποδομένῳ</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsa">ὅσα</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Alibύh%7C">Λιβύῃ</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Asardόni">Σαρδόνι</w> <w lemma="praqh%3D%7C">πραθῇ</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asikelίan">Σικελίαν</w> <w lemma="paragίnhtai">παραγίνηται</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdόnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="e%29pάrxousin">ἐπάρχουσιν</w>, <w lemma="i%29%2Fsa">ἴσα</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstw">ἔστω</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pάnta">πάντα</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Akarxhdόnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="a%29dikeίtwsan">ἀδικείτωσαν</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dmon">δῆμον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ardeatw%3Dn">Ἀρδεατῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29antiatw%3Dn">Ἀντιατῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2Alarentίnwn">Λαρεντίνων</w>, <w lemma="%2Akirkaiitw%3Dn">Κιρκαιιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="%2Atarrakinitw%3Dn">Ταρρακινιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="mhd’">μηδ’</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllon">ἄλλον</w> <w lemma="mhdέna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="%2Alatίnwno%28%2Fsoi">Λατίνωνὅσοι</w>, <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="u%28pήkooi:">ὑπήκοοι·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="dέ">δέ</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="w%29%3Dsin">ὦσιν</w> <w lemma="u%28pήkooi">ὑπήκοοι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pόlewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="a%29pexέsqwsan:">ἀπεχέσθωσαν·</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="lάbwsi">λάβωσι</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmaίois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29podidόtwsan">ἀποδιδότωσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29kέraion">ἀκέραιον</w>.
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<w lemma="froύrion">φρούριον</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="e%29noikodomeίtwsan">ἐνοικοδομείτωσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Alatίnh%7C">Λατίνῃ</w>. <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="polέmioi">πολέμιοι</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xώran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sέlqwsin">εἰσέλθωσιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="xώra%7C">χώρᾳ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="e%29nnuktereuέtwsan”">ἐννυκτερευέτωσαν”</w>.
The first treaty between <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> dates from the consulship of Lucius Junius Brutus and Marcus Horatius, the first Consuls after the expulsion of the kings, and the founders of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. This is twenty-eight years before the crossing of Xerxes to Greece. I give below as accurate a rendering as I can of this treaty, but the ancient Roman language differs so much from the modern that it can only be partially made out, and that after much application, by the most intelligent men. The treaty is more or less as follows: "There is to be friendship between the Romans and their allies and the Carthaginians and their allies on these terms: The Romans and their allies not to sail with long ships beyond the Fair Promontory unless forced by storm or by enemies: it is forbidden to anyone carried beyond it by force to buy or carry away anything beyond what is required for the repair of his ship or for sacrifice, and he must depart within five days. Men coming to trade may conclude no business except in the presence of a herald or town-clerk, and the price of whatever is sold in the presence of such shall be secured to the vendor by the state, if the sale take place in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Libya&groupId=686&placeId=427">Libya</a> or <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>. If any Roman come to the Carthaginian province in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, he shall enjoy equal rights with the others. The Carthaginians shall do no wrong to the peoples of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ardea&groupId=357&placeId=683">Ardea</a>, Antium, Laurentium, Circeii, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Terracina&groupId=1018&placeId=1790">Terracina</a>, or any other city of the Latins who are subject to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. Touching the Latins who are not subjects, they shall keep their hands off their cities, and if they take any city shall deliver it up to the Romans undamaged. They shall build no fort in the Latin territory. If they enter the land in arms, they shall not pass a night therein."