Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 3 - Chapter 21

1
<w lemma="dikaiologei%3Dsqai">δικαιολογεῖσθαι</w>. <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologi%2Fas">ὁμολογίας</w> <w lemma="paresiw%2Fpwn">παρεσιώπων</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="gegenhme%2Fnas">γεγενημένας</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="gego%2Fnasin">γεγόνασιν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fsas">οὔσας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="pepra%3Dxqai">πεπρᾶχθαι</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w>.
2
<w lemma="e%29xrw%3Dnto">ἐχρῶντο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="paradei%2Fgmati">παραδείγματι</w>. <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alutati%2Fou">Λυτατίου</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnas">γενομένας</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w>, <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="sunwmologhme%2Fnas">συνωμολογημένας</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Alutati%2Fou">Λυτατίου</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="dh%3Dmon">δῆμον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="a%29ku%2Frous">ἀκύρους</w> <w lemma="poih%3Dsai">ποιῆσαι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w>.
3
<w lemma="e%29pi%2Fezon">ἐπίεζον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosaphrei%2Fdonto">προσαπηρείδοντο</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flhn">ὅλην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dikaiologi%2Fan">δικαιολογίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="teleutai%2Fas">τελευταίας</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnas">γενομένας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmw%7C">πολέμῳ</w>.
4
<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%3Ds">αἷς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fas">Ἰβηρίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fggrafon">ἔγγραφον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fn">οὐδέν</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="r%28htw%3Ds">ῥητῶς</w> <w lemma="katateta%2Fxqai">κατατετάχθαι</w>.
5
<w lemma="%2Azakanqai%2Fous">Ζακανθαίους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paredei%2Fknuon">παρεδείκνυον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntas">ὄντας</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paranegi%2Fnwskon">παρανεγίνωσκον</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w>.
6
<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dikaiologei%3Dsqai">δικαιολογεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kaqa%2Fpac">καθάπαξ</w> <w lemma="a%29pegi%2Fnwskon">ἀπεγίνωσκον</w>, <w lemma="fa%2Fskontes">φάσκοντες</w> <w lemma="a%29kerai%2Fou">ἀκεραίου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="diamenou%2Fshs">διαμενούσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Azakanqai%2Fwn">Ζακανθαίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="e%29pide%2Fxesqai">ἐπιδέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="dikaiologi%2Fan">δικαιολογίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgw%7C">λόγῳ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtoume%2Fnwn">ἀμφισβητουμένων</w> <w lemma="dieca%2Fgein:">διεξάγειν·</w>
7
<w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parespondhme%2Fnhs">παρεσπονδημένης</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fous">αἰτίους</w> <w lemma="e%29kdote%2Fon">ἐκδοτέον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="fanero%5Cn">φανερὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="metesxh%2Fkasi">μετεσχήκασι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fas">ἀδικίας</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fneu">ἄνευ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="gnw%2Fmhs">γνώμης</w> <w lemma="pepra%3Dxqai">πεπρᾶχθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Frgon">τοὔργον</w>,
8
<w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnous">βουλομένους</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w>, <w lemma="o%28mologou%3Dntas">ὁμολογοῦντας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="koinwnei%3Dn">κοινωνεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fas">ἀδικίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunanade%2Fxesqai">συναναδέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kaqolikw%2Ftero%2Fn">καθολικώτερόν</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsanto">ἐχρήσαντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgois">λόγοις</w>.
9
<w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkai%3Don">ἀναγκαῖον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="paralipei%3Dn">παραλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fskepton">ἄσκεπτον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fq%27">μήθ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkei">καθήκει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diafe%2Frei">διαφέρει</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="safw%3Ds">σαφῶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29de%2Fnai">εἰδέναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29kri%2Fbeian">ἀκρίβειαν</w>, <w lemma="parapai%2Fwsi">παραπαίωσι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqei%2Fas">ἀληθείας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nagkaiota%2Ftois">ἀναγκαιοτάτοις</w> <w lemma="diabouli%2Fois">διαβουλίοις</w>,
10
<w lemma="mh%2Fq%27">μήθ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="filomaqou%3Dntes">φιλομαθοῦντες</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29stoxw%3Dsi">ἀστοχῶσι</w>, <w lemma="sumplanw%2Fmenoi">συμπλανώμενοι</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fais">ἀγνοίαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fais">φιλοτιμίαις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fwn">συγγραφέων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3D%7C">ᾖ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnh">ὁμολογουμένη</w> <w lemma="qewri%2Fa">θεωρία</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28parca%2Fntwn">ὑπαρξάντων</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fwn">δικαίων</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flous">ἀλλήλους</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>.
They said not a word of the treaty with Hasdrubal, considering it as not existent, or if existent, as not concerning them, since it was made without their approval. Here they quoted the precedent of the Romans themselves, alleging that the treaty made in the war for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> under Lutatius, though agreed to by Lutatius, had been repudiated by the Romans as having been made without their approval. In all their plea of justification they founded and insisted on the treaty at the end of the war for <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, in which they said there was no mention of Iberia, but it was expressly set down that the allies of each power should be secure from attack by the other. They pointed out that at that time the Saguntines were not the allies of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and to prove their point they read aloud several extracts from the treaty. The Romans refused definitely to discuss the matter of justification, saying that while <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a> still stood unharmed matters admitted of a plea of justification and it was possible to reach a decision on the disputed points by argument, but now that the treaty had been broken by the seizure of the city either they must give up the culprits, which would make it clear to all that they had no share in the wrong, but that it had been done without their approval, or if they refused to do so and thus confessed that they were participators in the misdeed they must accept war. On this occasion the question was dealt with in more or less general terms, but I think it necessary for myself not to neglect it, so that neither those whose duty and interest it is to be accurately informed about this may deviate from the truth in critical debates, nor students, led astray by the ignorance or partisanship of historians, acquire mistaken notions on the subject, but that there may be some survey generally recognized as accurate of the treaties between <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> up to our own time.