Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 14

1
<w lemma="ga%2Fsato">γάσατο</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesi">δυνάμεσι</w>. <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29piginome%2Fnw%7C">ἐπιγινομένῳ</w> <w lemma="qe%2Frei">θέρει</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%2Fsas">ὁρμήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29akkai%2Fous">Οὐακκαίους</w> <w lemma="%2A%28elmantikh%5Cn">Ἑλμαντικὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenos">ποιησάμενος</w> <w lemma="prosbola%5Cs">προσβολὰς</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsxen">κατέσχεν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29arbouka%2Flhn">Ἀρβουκάλην</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="gennaio%2Fthta">γενναιότητα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%29khto%2Frwn">οἰκητόρων</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fas">ταλαιπωρίας</w> <w lemma="poliorkh%2Fsas">πολιορκήσας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="ei%28%3Dle">εἷλε</w>.
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstous">μεγίστους</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dlqe">ἦλθε</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w> <w lemma="e%29pana%2Fgwn">ἐπανάγων</w>, <w lemma="sundramo%2Fntwn">συνδραμόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarphsi%2Fwn">Καρπησίων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29sxuro%2Ftato%2Fn">ἰσχυρότατόν</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqnos">ἔθνος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>,
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<w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29stugeito%2Fnwn">ἀστυγειτόνων</w> <w lemma="a%28qroisqe%2Fntwn">ἁθροισθέντων</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="h%29re%2Fqisan">ἠρέθισαν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29olka%2Fdwn">Ὀλκάδων</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdes">φυγάδες</w>, <w lemma="sunece%2Fkausan">συνεξέκαυσαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28elmantikh%3Ds">Ἑλμαντικῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="diaswqe%2Fntes">διασωθέντες</w>.
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<w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w> <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fsqhsan">ἠναγκάσθησαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="diakinduneu%2Fein">διακινδυνεύειν</w>, <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnws">ὁμολογουμένως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%28tth%2Fqhsan">ἡττήθησαν</w>.
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<w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pragmatikw%3Ds">πραγματικῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nounexw%3Ds">νουνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="u%28postrofh%3Ds">ὑποστροφῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrh%2Fsantos">ἀναχωρήσαντος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fblhma">πρόβλημα</w> <w lemma="poihsame%2Fnou">ποιησαμένου</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ata%2Fgon">Τάγον</w> <w lemma="kalou%2Fmenon">καλούμενον</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="susthsame%2Fnou">συστησαμένου</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sugxrhsame%2Fnou">συγχρησαμένου</w> <w lemma="sunagwnisth%3D%7C">συναγωνιστῇ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="potamw%3D%7C">ποταμῷ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fois">θηρίοις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tettara%2Fkonta">τετταράκοντα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29riqmo%2Fn">ἀριθμόν</w>, <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcws">παραδόξως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="xwrh%3Dsai">χωρῆσαι</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frwn">βαρβάρων</w> <w lemma="e%29pibalome%2Fnwn">ἐπιβαλομένων</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="bia%2Fzesqai">βιάζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peraiou%3Dsqai">περαιοῦσθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%2Fn">ποταμόν</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="diefqa%2Frh">διεφθάρη</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kba%2Fseis">ἐκβάσεις</w>, <w lemma="paraporeuome%2Fnwn">παραπορευομένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fwn">θηρίων</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dlos">χεῖλος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29kbai%2Fnontas">ἐκβαίνοντας</w> <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="prokatalambano%2Fntwn:">προκαταλαμβανόντων·</w>
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<w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%29pw%2Flonto">ἀπώλοντο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kratei%3Dn">κρατεῖν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="r%28eu%2Fmatos">ῥεύματος</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppous">ἵππους</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fou">ὑπερδεξίου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>.
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<w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Fmpalin">τοὔμπαλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pidiaba%2Fntes">ἐπιδιαβάντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="barba%2Frous">βαρβάρους</w> <w lemma="e%29tre%2Fyanto">ἐτρέψαντο</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w>.
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<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="h%28tthqe%2Fntwn">ἡττηθέντων</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhros">Ἴβηρος</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="r%28a%7Cdi%2Fws">ῥᾳδίως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29ntofqalmei%3Dn">ἀντοφθαλμεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29to%2Flma">ἐτόλμα</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Azakanqai%2Fwn">Ζακανθαίων</w>.
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<w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="e%29peira%3Dto">ἐπειρᾶτο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxesqai">ἀπέχεσθαι</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="mhdemi%2Fan">μηδεμίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5Cn">ἀφορμὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnhn">ὁμολογουμένην</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dnai">δοῦναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="bebai%2Fws">βεβαίως</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsaito">ποιήσαιτο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkou">Ἀμίλκου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="patro%5Cs">πατρὸς</w> <w lemma="u%28poqh%2Fkas">ὑποθήκας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraine%2Fseis">παραινέσεις</w>.
Next summer he made a fresh attack on the Vaccaei, assaulted and took Hermandica at the first onset, but Arbacala being a very large city with a numerous and brave population, he had to lay siege to it and only took it by assault after much pains.
Subsequently on his return he unexpectedly found himself in great peril, the Carpetani, the strongest tribe in the district gathering to attack him and being joined by the neighbouring tribes, all incited to this by the fugitive Olcades, and also by those who had escaped from Hermandica. Had the Carthaginians been obliged to meet all this host in a pitched battle, they would assuredly have suffered defeat; but, as it was, Hannibal very wisely and skilfully faced about and retreated so as to place the river <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tagus&groupId=1000&placeId=1762">Tagus</a> in his front, and remained there to dispute the crossing, availing himself of the aid both of the river and of his elephants, of which he had about forty, so that everything went as he had calculated and as no one else would have dared to expect. For when the barbarians tried to force a crossing at various points, the greater mass of them perished in coming out of the river, the elephants following its bank and being upon them as soon as they landed. Many also were cut down in the stream itself by the cavalry, as the horses could bear up better against the current, and the mounted men in fighting had the advantage of being higher than the unmounted enemy. Finally, Hannibal in his turn crossed the river and attacked the barbarians, putting to flight a force of more than one hundred thousand. After their defeat none of the peoples on that side of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ebro&groupId=549&placeId=1031">Ebro</a> ventured lightly to face the Carthaginians, with the exception of the Saguntines. Hannibal tried as far as he could to keep his hands off this city, wishing to give the Romans no avowed pretext for war, until he had secured his possession of all the rest of the country, following in this his father Hamilcar\'s suggestions and advice.