Polybius, Histories

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Book 3 - Chapter 10

1
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Ftas">ταύτας</w> <w lemma="die%2Ftribe">διέτριβε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w>. <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="katalu%2Fsasqai">καταλύσασθαι</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fous">Καρχηδονίους</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnhn">προειρημένην</w> <w lemma="taraxh%5Cn">ταραχὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29paggeila%2Fntwn">ἀπαγγειλάντων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="sugkate%2Fbainon">συγκατέβαινον</w>, <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnontes">ὑπολαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%5Cs">αὑτοὺς</w> <w lemma="nikh%2Fsein">νικήσειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="dikai%2Fois">δικαίοις</w>, <w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblois">βύβλοις</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="dedhlw%2Fkamen">δεδηλώκαμεν</w>,
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<w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="sumperienexqh%3Dnai">συμπεριενεχθῆναι</w> <w lemma="deo%2Fntws">δεόντως</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="nu%3Dn">νῦν</w> <w lemma="legome%2Fnois">λεγομένοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="r%28hqhsome%2Fnois">ῥηθησομένοις</w> <w lemma="u%28f%27">ὑφ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28mw%3Dn">ἡμῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29ntrepome%2Fnwn">ἐντρεπομένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2Fcantes">εἴξαντες</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="perista%2Fsei">περιστάσει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="baruno%2Fmenoi">βαρυνόμενοι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29cexw%2Frhsan">ἐξεχώρησαν</w> <w lemma="%2Asardo%2Fnos">Σαρδόνος</w>, <w lemma="sunexw%2Frhsan">συνεχώρησαν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29soi%2Fsein">εἰσοίσειν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Flla">ἄλλα</w> <w lemma="xi%2Flia">χίλια</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diako%2Fsia">διακόσια</w> <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnois">ἐκείνοις</w> <w lemma="a%29nade%2Fcasqai">ἀναδέξασθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="deute%2Fran">δευτέραν</w>, <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="qete%2Fon">θετέον</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="susta%2Fntos">συστάντος</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkas">Ἀμίλκας</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="proslabw%5Cn">προσλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="qumoi%3Ds">θυμοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="o%29rgh%5Cn">ὀργὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politw%3Dn">πολιτῶν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="qa%3Dtton">θᾶττον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%2Fntas">ἀποστάντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frwn">μισθοφόρων</w> <w lemma="katapolemh%2Fsas">καταπολεμήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29bebai%2Fwse">ἐβεβαίωσε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdi">πατρίδι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w>, <w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fsasqai">χρήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%3D%7C">παρασκευῇ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>. <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fthn">τρίτην</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fan">αἰτίαν</w> <w lemma="nomiste%2Fon">νομιστέον</w>,
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<w lemma="le%2Fgw">λέγω</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Froian">εὔροιαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w>. <w lemma="tau%2Ftais">ταύταις</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="xersi%5C">χερσὶ</w> <w lemma="pisteu%2Fsantes">πιστεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29qarsw%3Ds">εὐθαρσῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fbhsan">ἐνέβησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnon">προειρημένον</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkas">Ἀμίλκας</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dsta">πλεῖστα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="suneba%2Fleto">συνεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fstasin">σύστασιν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="deute%2Frou">δευτέρου</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="teteleuthkw%5Cs">τετελευτηκὼς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftesi">ἔτεσι</w> <w lemma="de%2Fka">δέκα</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="katarxh%3Ds">καταρχῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>, <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Froi">εὕροι</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto:">τοῦτο·</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w>
When, on the suppression of this disturbance by the Carthaginians, the Romans announced their intention of making war on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, the latter at first was ready to negotiate on all points, thinking that, justice being on her side, she would prevail
(about this I have spoken in the preceding Books, without a perusal of which it is impossible to follow properly what I am now saying and what I am about to say);
but as the Romans refused to negotiate, the Carthaginians had to yield to circumstances, and though deeply aggrieved they were powerless, and evacuated <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a>, agreeing also to pay twelve hundred talents in addition to the sum previously exacted, in order not to be forced to accept war at that time.
This, then, we must take to be the second and principal cause of the subsequent war;
for Hamilcar, with the anger felt by all his compatriots at this last outrage added to his old indignation, as soon as he had finally crushed the mutiny of the mercenaries and secured the safety of his country, at once threw all his efforts into the conquest of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>, with the object of using the resources thus obtained for the war against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.
This success of the Carthaginian project in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> must be held to be the third cause of the war, for relying on this increase of strength, they entered upon it with confidence.
Of the fact that Hamilcar, although he died ten years before the beginning of the Second Punic War, contributed much to its origin many evidences can be found; but the anecdote I am about to relate suffices, I think, to confirm this.