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Book 27 - Chapter 1

1
<head lang="la">A. Olymp. 152, 1. I. Bellum Persicum</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kairw%3D%7C">καιρῷ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="parege%2Fnonto">παρεγένοντο</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aqespie%2Fwn">Θεσπιέων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alash%3Dn">Λασῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akalle%2Fan">Καλλέαν</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ane%2Fwnos">Νέωνος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ismhni%2Fas">Ἰσμηνίας</w>,
2
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alash%3Dn">Λασῆν</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeiri%2Fzontes">ἐγχειρίζοντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ismhni%2Fas">Ἰσμηνίας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="koino%5Cn">κοινὸν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwti%2Fa%7C">Βοιωτίᾳ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="didou%5Cs">διδοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="presbeutw%3Dn">πρεσβευτῶν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>.
3
<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29nantiw%2Ftaton">ἐναντιώτατον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkion">Μάρκιον</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="dielei%3Dn">διελεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aboiwtou%5Cs">Βοιωτοὺς</w> <w lemma="oi%29keio%2Ftaton">οἰκειότατον</w>.
4
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Alash%3Dn">Λασῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Axairwnei%3Ds">Χαιρωνεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alebadei%3Ds">Λεβαδεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsoi">ὅσοι</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dsan">παρῆσαν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>, <w lemma="a%29sme%2Fnws">ἀσμένως</w> <w lemma="a%29pede%2Fxonto">ἀπεδέχοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fywn">κατέψων</w>,
5
<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ismhni%2Fan">Ἰσμηνίαν</w> <w lemma="paredeigma%2Ftizon">παρεδειγμάτιζον</w>, <w lemma="a%29potribo%2Fmenoi">ἀποτριβόμενοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parorw%3Dntes">παρορῶντες</w>.
6
<w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunepiqe%2Fmenoi%2F">συνεπιθέμενοί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdwn">φυγάδων</w> <w lemma="mikrou%3D">μικροῦ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fleusan">κατέλευσαν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ismhni%2Fan">Ἰσμηνίαν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="kate%2Ffugen">κατέφυγεν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="di%2Fqura">δίθυρα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>.
7
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqh%2Fbais">Θήβαις</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="taraxa%5Cs">ταραχὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fseis">στάσεις</w>.
8
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="dido%2Fnai">διδόναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akorwnei%3Ds">Κορωνεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28alia%2Frtioi">Ἁλιάρτιοι</w> <w lemma="sundedramhko%2Ftes">συνδεδραμηκότες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqh%2Fbas">Θήβας</w> <w lemma="a%29kmh%5Cn">ἀκμὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntepoiou%3Dnto">ἀντεποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnein">μένειν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aperse%2Fa">Περσέα</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fa%7C">συμμαχίᾳ</w>.
9
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="e%29fa%2Fmillos">ἐφάμιλλος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fqesis">διάθεσις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="stasiazo%2Fntwn">στασιαζόντων</w>. <w lemma="%2A%29olumpi%2Fxou">Ὀλυμπίχου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Akorwne%2Fws">Κορωνέως</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftou">πρώτου</w> <w lemma="metaqeme%2Fnou">μεταθεμένου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fa%2Fskontos">φάσκοντος</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29nte%2Fxesqai">ἀντέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto%2F">ἐγένετό</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerh%5Cs">ὁλοσχερὴς</w> <w lemma="r%28oph%5C">ῥοπὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%2Fptwsis">μετάπτωσις</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqous">πλήθους</w>,
10
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Adike%2Ftan">Δικέταν</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkasan">ἠνάγκασαν</w> <w lemma="presbeu%2Fein">πρεσβεύειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkion">Μάρκιον</w>, <w lemma="a%29pologhso%2Fmenon">ἀπολογησόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aperse%2Fa">Περσέα</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fas">συμμαχίας</w>.
11
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Ane%2Fwna">Νέωνα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ippi%2Fan">Ἱππίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fbalon">ἐξέβαλον</w>, <w lemma="suntre%2Fxontes">συντρέχοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="oi%29ki%2Fas">οἰκίας</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="keleu%2Fontes">κελεύοντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pologei%3Dsqai">ἀπολογεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="diw%7Ckonomhme%2Fnwn:">διῳκονομημένων·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fan">συμμαχίαν</w> <w lemma="oi%29konomh%2Fsantes">οἰκονομήσαντες</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paraxwrhsa%2Fntwn">παραχωρησάντων</w>,
12
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="a%28qroisqe%2Fntes">ἁθροισθέντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%29kklhsi%2Fan">ἐκκλησίαν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tima%5Cs">τιμὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29yhfi%2Fsanto">ἐψηφίσαντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dwrea%5Cs">δωρεὰς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%3Dt%27">εἶτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29nergei%3Dn">ἐνεργεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Ftacan">ἐπέταξαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frxousi">ἄρχουσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fan">συμμαχίαν</w>,
13
<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeiriou%3Dntas">ἐγχειριοῦντας</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fcontas">κατάξοντας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="fuga%2Fdas">φυγάδας</w>.
<head>I. The War with Perseus</head>At this time Lases and Calleas came as envoys from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thespiae&groupId=1026&placeId=1811">Thespiae</a> and Ismenias on the part of Neon,
the former to put their city in the hands of the Romans, at the discretion of the legates.
This was quite the contrary of what Marcius and the other legates wished, it suiting their purpose far better to keep the Boeotian cities apart.
So that while they very gladly received Lases and made much of him, as well as of the envoys from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a> and Lebadea,
they exposed Ismenias to contempt, fighting shy of him and treating him with neglect.
On one occasion some of the exiles attacked Ismenias, and came very near stoning him, but he took refuge under the porch of the Roman mission.
At the same period there were quarrels and disturbances in Thebes, where one party maintained that they ought to surrender the city at discretion to the Romans;
but the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coronea&groupId=496&placeId=932">Coronea</a> and Haliartus flocking to Thebes, still claimed a part in the direction of affairs, and said that they ought to remain faithful to their alliance with Perseus.
For a time the rival views maintained an equilibrium; but upon Olympichus of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coronea&groupId=496&placeId=932">Coronea</a> being the first to change his attitude and to advise joining the Romans, the balance of popular opinion entirely shifted.
They first of all compelled Dicetas to go as their envoy to Marcius and offer his excuses for their having allied themselves with Perseus.
In the next place they expelled Neon and Hippias, going in a crown to their houses and ordering them to go and defend their conduct of affairs, since it was they who had arranged the alliance.
Upon Neon and Hippias giving way, they at once assembled in a formal meeting, and after in the first place voting honours to the Romans, ordered their magistrates to take steps to form the alliance;
and, last of all, they appointed envoys to put the city in the hands of the Romans and bring back their own exiles.

Walbank Commentary

Overview
27.1.1 - 27.2.12
<p rend="Plain Text">Events in Boeotia: Roman envoys at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Argos&groupId=361&placeId=689">Argos</a> (172/1)</p> <p rend="Plain Text"> This excerpt from de legat. gent. belongs to res Graeciae of 172/1 (see p. 23). A more comprehensive picture is given by Livy, xlii. 37. 1– 67. 12 (from P.), which covers the events of the first year of the war from the arrival of a Roman embassy led by Q. Marcius Philippus, with a force of 1,000 men, at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> in September 172, down to preparations for winter quarters in autumn 171. On reaching <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Corcyra&groupId=491&placeId=923">Corcyra</a> the envoys separated; L. Decimius was sent to Genthius in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Illyria&groupId=647&placeId=1186">Illyria</a>, P. and Ser. Lentulus to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cephallenia&groupId=450&placeId=838">Cephallenia</a> and the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a>, Q. Marcius and A. Atilius to Epirus, Aetolia, <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a>, Boeotia, and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Euboea&groupId=584&placeId=1091">Euboea</a>, and subsequently to meet the Lentuli in the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a> (Livy, xlii. 37. 1–4). At the outset, when Perseus inquired why they had crossed to Greece and were occupying cities, they replied that they were acting praesidii causa ipsarum urbium (Livy, xlii. 37. 5–6). The reference was clearly to the cities of Greece (cf. Livy, xlii. 40. 1; Walbank, JRS, 1941, 84). The exhortations of the Lentuli aroused hostility in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Achaea&groupId=272&placeId=533">Achaea</a> (Livy, xlii. 37. 7–9). Marcius and Atilius attended an Epirote council at Gitana (cf. 16. 5 n.), and sent 400 of their troops into Orestis to protect it from Perseus (Livy, xlii. 38. 1); in Aetolia they witnessed the election of Lyciscus as general suffectus (Livy, xlii. 38. 2); and in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a> they gave audience to Acarnanian envoys and representatives of a group of Boeotian exiles and held out to these the veiled threat to break up the Boeotian confederacy (Livy, xlii. 38. 3–5). The Thessalian meeting at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Larissa&groupId=669&placeId=1224">Larissa</a> basked in Roman approval (Livy, xlii. 38. 6–7). Livy, xlii. 38. 8– 43. 3 describes how Q. Marcius Philippus granted Perseus a conference on the Peneius (4. 1 n.) and agreed to indutiae to allow him to send envoys to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (cf. 5. 7 n.); this postponement of hostilities (for war had not yet been openly declared) was advantageous to the Romans who 'nihil . . . satis paratum ad bellum in praesentia <milestone unit="page" n="290">[290]</milestone> habebant' (Livy, xlii. 43. 3). From the Peneius the envoys went on to deal with Boeotia (Livy, xlii. 43. 4); and the present extract concerns events from that point onward. The dating of the envoys' movements depends on Livy, xlii. 37. 3, where the Lentuli are said to have wished to get round the west coast of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Peloponnese&groupId=861&placeId=1552">Peloponnese</a> ante hiemem, and on 2. 12, where A. Atilius, Q. Marcius, and P. Cornelius Lentulus return to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> <w lang="el-GR">κατὰ χειμῶνα</w> (cf. Livy, xlii. 44. 8, principio hiemis). Ante hiemem <w lang="el-GR">(πρὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος)</w> is probably the period between the autumn equinox and the morning setting of the Pleiades in early November (Pdech, Mthode, 462–3); <w lang="el-GR">κατὰ χειμῶνα</w> will be January or February. So probably they crossed in September/ October and returned January/February. See in general, Niese, iii. 112–15; Meloni, Perseo, 181–91; Walbank, JRS, 1941, 82–93; Briscoe, JRS, 1964, 66–77; Gruen, GRBS, 1974, 237–8 (on Philip's meeting with Marcius). </p>
Specifics
27.1.1 - 27.1.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρεγένοντο πρέσβεις</w>:</emph> to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a>; on their way there from the Peneius the Roman legati met envoys from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chaeronea&groupId=455&placeId=849">Chaeronea</a> and Thebes, sent to dissociate those cities from the federal decision to join Perseus (see next note but one): 'quos . . . Chalcidem se sequi iusserunt' (Livy, xlii. 43. 5–6). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρὰ μὲν Θεσπιέων οἱ περὶ Λασῆν καὶ Καλλέαν</w>:</emph> not otherwise known; on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thespiae&groupId=1026&placeId=1811">Thespiae</a> and its territory see Roesch, 51–58. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">παρὰ δὲ Νέωνος Ἰσμηνίας</w>:</emph> Neon will be the son of Brachylles, whose father bore that name (xx. 5. 5 n.; cf. xviii. 1. 2 n.); on the family's attachment to Macedon see xx. 5. 14. Neon later fled there (2. 8), stayed beside Perseus after <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pydna&groupId=919&placeId=1647">Pydna</a> (Livy, xliv. 43. 6; Plut. Aem. Paul. 23. 3) and was executed by the Romans at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Amphipolis&groupId=320&placeId=623">Amphipolis</a> (Livy, xlv. 31. 15). See Schoch, RE, 'Neon (6)', cols. 2429–30. Ismenias was prominent in the Pro-Macedonian group. Elected federal general, probably for 173/2 (cf. Niese, iii. 114 n. 4; Meloni, Perseo, 198 n. 1), he soon got involved in party struggles between pro- and anti-Roman factions (Livy, xlii. 43. 7–9, where compression has produced obscurity), and after twelve of his opponents had been exiled, had them condemned to death in absence. Fleeing via <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a> to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Larissa&groupId=669&placeId=1224">Larissa</a> these men informed the Romans of Ismenias' responsibility for the Macedonian alliance (Livy, xlii. 43. 9–10). The Theban envoys who met the Roman legati on the way to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a> were accompanied by 'exules accusatoresque Ismeniae' and Ismenias also came. All were sent on to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Chalcis&groupId=457&placeId=853">Chalcis</a>. At least three earlier Theban statesmen, two from the early fourth century, were called Ismenias, and this man and they may be from one family (cf. Swoboda, RE, 'Ismenias (1–4)', cols. 2136–41). </p>
27.1.2 - 27.1.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατὰ κοινὸν πάσας</w></emph> 〈 <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὰς</w></emph> 〉 <emph rend="bold">. . . <w lang="el-GR">πόλεις διδοὺς εἰς τὴν . . . πίστιν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xlii. 44. 1, 'Ismenias gentem Boeotorum in fidem Romanorum <milestone unit="page" n="291">[291]</milestone> permitti aecum censebat.' By deditio (cf. xx. 9. 12 n.) on behalf of the confederacy Ismenias hoped to outbid the separatist cities. </p>
27.1.3 - 27.1.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὸ . . . διελεῖν τοὺς Βοιωτούς</w>:</emph> 'to split up the Boeotian confederation into separate cities' (Paton, 'to keep the Boeotian cities apart', misses the point), cf. 2. 7. Marcius and Atilius had indicated this intention when Theban exiles met them earlier in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Thessaly&groupId=1028&placeId=1816">Thessaly</a> (Livy, xlii. 38. 5, cf. 43. 5). </p>
27.1.6 - 27.1.6
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ὑπὸ τὰ δίθυρα τῶν Ῥωμαίων</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xlii. 44. 2, 'inde certamine orto, nisi in tribunal legatorum perfugisset, haud multum afuit quin ab exulibus fautoribusque eorum interficeretur.' <w lang="el-GR">τὰ δίθυρα</w> implies something more elaborate than a seat on a platform, more like a box or podium in a theatre; see Schweighaeuser ad loc. </p>
27.1.8 - 27.1.8
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">οἱ δὲ Κορωνεῖς . . . ἀκμὴν ἀντεποιοῦντο τῶν πραγμάτων</w>:</emph> 'the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coronea&groupId=496&placeId=932">Coronea</a> and Haliartus still tried to keep some control over the issue.' Niese (iii. 116 n. 2) thinks that some kind of federal assembly was held. Since representative of other towns were heard, </p> <p rend="Plain Text">it was certainly more than a purely Theban meeting. These neighbouring cities, supporters of Perseus, wanted to prevent the pro-Roman party from surrendering Thebes without regard for the confederation (as more distant cities were already doing: §§ 1–4). Hence the debate was partly directed towards holding together the disintegrating confederation, which had been Ismenias' aim (§ 2) in trying to swing the confederation over to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> intact.</p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐν τῇ πρὸς τὸν Περσέα συμμαχίᾳ</w>:</emph> cf. xxii. 18. 5 n. Its date is uncertain; but had it existed in 174, Archon is likely to have mentioned it in his speech to an Achaean meeting that year (Livy, xli. 24. 1–18, based on P.; see Meloni, Perseo, 146 n. 1); and Meloni's date of 173 seems plausible, if the Theban claim to have taken no part in the assembly that voted the alliance (Livy, xlii. 43. 6) is true, since the pro-Macedonian Ismenias was probably elected general of the confederacy at the end of that year (§ 1 n.), and quickly asserted his authority in Thebes (Livy, xlii. 43. 7–9). </p>
27.1.9 - 27.1.9
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ὀλυμπίχου . . . τοῦ Κορωνέως</w>:</emph> the son of Eumelus of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coronea&groupId=496&placeId=932">Coronea</a>; he appears as proxenos at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Delphi&groupId=534&placeId=363">Delphi</a> in 182/1 and 178/7 (Syll. 585 ll. 210 and 250). Livy, xlii. 44. 4 adds that a reference to the defeats of Philip and Antiochus and to the strength and good fortune of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> swayed the assembly; this the excerptor has omitted. </p>
27.1.10 - 27.1.10
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Δικέταν ἠνάγκασαν πρεσβεύειν πρὸς . . . Μάρκιον</w>:</emph> evidently a friend of Macedon (2. 1); whether he represented Thebes or Boeotia is not clear. </p>
27.1.11 - 27.1.11
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Νέωνα . . . Ἱππίαν</w>:</emph> on Neon see § 1, on Hippias xxii. 4. 12 n., and the later passages there mentioned. </p>
27.1.12 - 27.1.12
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τούτων δὲ παραχωρησάντων</w>:</emph> 'when they had been expelled'; cf. xxv. 3. 1 n. Paton, following Casaubon, translates 'giving way', a possible sense of <w lang="el-GR">παραχωρεῖν</w>; but see Schweighaeuser ad loc. <milestone unit="page" n="292">[292]</milestone> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">εἰς ἐκκλησίαν</w>:</emph> the word used on inscriptions is <w lang="el-GR">δᾶμος</w> (cf. IG, vii. 280 l. 3, 283 l. 1, 290 l. 3). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τὴν συμμαχίαν</w>:</emph> viz. with the Romans. </p>
27.1.13 - 27.1.13
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">κατάξοντας τοὺς . . . φυγάδας</w>:</emph> the pro-Romans; cf. 2. 1. </p>

Commentary