Polybius, Histories

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Book 2 - Chapter 24

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<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fina">Ἵνα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sumfane%5Cs">συμφανὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnhtai">γένηται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="h%28li%2Fkois">ἡλίκοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%29to%2Flmhse">ἐτόλμησε</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmasin">πράγμασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29piqe%2Fsqai">ἐπιθέσθαι</w> [<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w>] <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%28li%2Fkhn">ἡλίκην</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w> <w lemma="parabo%2Flws">παραβόλως</w> <w lemma="a%29ntofqalmh%2Fsas">ἀντοφθαλμήσας</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dto">τοσοῦτο</w> <w lemma="kaqi%2Fketo">καθίκετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fstois">μεγίστοις</w> <w lemma="sumptw%2Fmasi">συμπτώμασι</w> <w lemma="periba%2Fllein">περιβάλλειν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w>,
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<w lemma="r%28hte%2Fon">ῥητέον</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fh">εἴη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>.
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29celhlu%2Fqei">ἐξεληλύθει</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttara">τέτταρα</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+ka%2F">Ῥωμαϊκά</w>, <w lemma="penta%2Fkis">πεντάκις</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxon">ἔχον</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w>.
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<w lemma="su%2Fmmaxoi">σύμμαχοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frwn">ἑκατέρων</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fmfw">συνάμφω</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trismu%2Frioi">τρισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="disxi%2Flioi">δισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="prosbohqhsa%2Fntwn">προσβοηθησάντων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="%2Asabi%2Fnwn">Σαβίνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhnw%3Dn">Τυρρηνῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pentakismuri%2Fwn">πεντακισμυρίων</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%28qroi%2Fsantes">ἁθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fas">Τυρρηνίας</w> <w lemma="proeka%2Fqisan">προεκάθισαν</w>, <w lemma="e%28cape%2Flekun">ἑξαπέλεκυν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fna">ἡγεμόνα</w> <w lemma="susth%2Fsantes">συστήσαντες</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29apenni%3Dnon">Ἀπεννῖνον</w> <w lemma="katoikou%3Dntes">κατοικοῦντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fombroi">Ὄμβροι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asarsina%2Ftoi">Σαρσινάτοι</w> <w lemma="sunh%2Fxqhsan">συνήχθησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="dismuri%2Fous">δισμυρίους</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29e%2Fnetoi">Οὐένετοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Agonoma%2Fnoi">Γονομάνοι</w> <w lemma="dismu%2Frioi">δισμύριοι</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftacan">ἔταξαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frwn">ὅρων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Agalati%2Fas">Γαλατίας</w>,
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<w lemma="i%28%2Fn%27">ἵν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29mbalo%2Fntes">ἐμβαλόντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aboi%2Fwn">Βοίων</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntiperispw%3Dsi">ἀντιπερισπῶσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29celhluqo%2Ftas">ἐξεληλυθότας</w>. <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="prokaqh%2Fmena">προκαθήμενα</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="die%2Ftribon">διέτριβον</w> <w lemma="h%28toimasme%2Fnoi">ἡτοιμασμένοι</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frin">χάριν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumbaino%2Fntwn">συμβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmois">πολέμοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fas">ἐφεδρείας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fcin">τάξιν</w>, <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="dismu%2Frioi">δισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="xi%2Flioi">χίλιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pentako%2Fsioi">πεντακόσιοι</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trismu%2Frioi">τρισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="disxi%2Flioi">δισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="katagrafai%5C">καταγραφαὶ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nhne%2Fxqhsan">ἀνηνέχθησαν</w> <w lemma="%2Alati%2Fnwn">Λατίνων</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="o%29ktakismu%2Frioi">ὀκτακισμύριοι</w> <w lemma="pezoi%2F">πεζοί</w>, <w lemma="pentakisxi%2Flioi">πεντακισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Asaunitw%3Dn">Σαυνιτῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakismu%2Frioi">ἑπτακισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ptakisxi%2Flioi">ἑπτακισχίλιοι</w>,
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29iapu%2Fgwn">Ἰαπύγων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amessapi%2Fwn">Μεσσαπίων</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fmfw">συνάμφω</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdes">μυριάδες</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mu%2Frioi">μύριοι</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fois">ἑξακισχιλίοις</w>,
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<w lemma="%2Aleukanw%3Dn">Λευκανῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="trismu%2Frioi">τρισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="trisxi%2Flioi">τρισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Amarsw%3Dn">Μαρσῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amarrouki%2Fnwn">Μαρρουκίνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aferenta%2Fnwn">Φερεντάνων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aou%29esti%2Fnwn">Οὐεστίνων</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dismu%2Frioi">δισμύριοι</w>, <w lemma="tetrakisxi%2Flioi">τετρακισχίλιοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fa%7C">Σικελίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ata%2Franti">Τάραντι</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="parefh%2Fdreuen">παρεφήδρευεν</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fteron">ἑκάτερον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="a%29na%5C">ἀνὰ</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w>.
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<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akampanw%3Dn">Καμπανῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="plhqu%5Cs">πληθὺς</w> <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="katele%2Fxqhsan">κατελέχθησαν</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdes">μυριάδες</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fsin">μυριάσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%3Dsan">ἐπῆσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Fdes">χιλιάδες</w>.
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<w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> [<w lemma="kefa%2Flaion">κεφάλαιον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prokaqhme%2Fnwn">προκαθημένων</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhs">Ῥώμης</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmewn">δυνάμεων</w> <w lemma="pezoi%5C">πεζοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="pentekai%2Fdeka">πεντεκαίδεκα</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdes">μυριάδες</w>,
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<w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28cakisxili%2Fous">ἑξακισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w>] <w lemma="su%2Fmpan">σύμπαν</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="duname%2Fnwn">δυναμένων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fpla">ὅπλα</w> <w lemma="basta%2Fzein">βαστάζειν</w>, <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w>, <w lemma="pezw%3Dn">πεζῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%28bdomh%2Fkonta">ἑβδομήκοντα</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28pta%5C">ἑπτὰ</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29f%27">ἐφ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttous">ἐλάττους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="dismuri%2Fwn">δισμυρίων</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fbalen">ἐπέβαλεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>. <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="safe%2Fsteron">σαφέστερον</w> <w lemma="e%29kpoih%2Fsei">ἐκποιήσει</w> <w lemma="katanoei%3Dn">κατανοεῖν</w>.
But, that it may appear from actual facts what a great power it was that Hannibal ventured to attack, and how mighty was that empire boldly confronting which he came so near his purpose as to bring great disasters on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>,
I must state what were their resources and the actual number of their forces at this time.
Each of the Consuls was in command of four legions of Roman citizens, each consisting of five thousand two hundred foot and three hundred horse.
The allied forces in each Consular army numbered thirty thousand foot and two thousand horse.
The cavalry of the Sabines and Etruscans, who had come to the temporary assistance of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, were four thousand strong, their infantry above fifty thousand.
The Romans massed these forces and posted them on the frontier of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a> under the command of a Praetor.
The levy of the Umbrians and Sarsinates inhabiting the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Apennines&groupId=343&placeId=664">Apennines</a> amounted to about twenty thousand, and with these were twenty thousand Veneti and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cenomani&groupId=448&placeId=834">Cenomani</a>.
These they stationed on the frontier of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Gaul&groupId=598&placeId=1108">Gaul</a>, to invade the territory of the Boii and divert them back from their expedition.
These were the armies protecting the Roman territory. In <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> itself there was a reserve force, ready for any war-contingency, consisting of twenty thousand foot and fifteen hundred horse, all Roman citizens, and thirty thousand foot and two thousand horse furnished by the allies.
The lists of men able to bear arms that had been returned were as follows. Latins eighty thousand foot and five thousand horse, Samnites seventy thousand foot and seven thousand horse,
Iapygians and Messapians fifty thousand foot and sixteen thousand horse in all,
Lucanians thirty thousand foot and three thousand horse, Marsi, Marrucini, Frentani, and Vestini twenty thousand foot and four thousand horse.
In <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a> and Tarentum were two reserve legions, each consisting of about four thousand two hundred foot and two hundred horse.
Of Romans and Campanians there were on the roll two hundred and fifty thousand foot and twenty-three thousand horse;
[a gloss has been bracketed here]
so that the total number of Romans and allies able to bear arms was more than seven hundred thousand foot and seventy thousand horse,
while Hannibal invaded <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> with an army of less than twenty thousand men. On this matter I shall be able to give my readers more explicit information in the course of this work.