Polybius, Histories

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Book 10 - Chapter 49

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<w lemma="%2Agenome%2Fnhs">Γενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prosaggeli%2Fas">προσαγγελίας</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29qu%2Fdhmon">Εὐθύδημον</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atapouri%2Fan">Ταπουρίαν</w>, <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="prokaqi%2Fzesqai">προκαθίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="fula%2Fttontas">φυλάττοντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Farion">Ἄριον</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="diaba%2Fseis">διαβάσεις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrine">ἔκρινε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29pognou%5Cs">ἀπογνοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxesqai">ἔχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnwn">προκειμένων</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxontos">ἀπέχοντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="triw%3Dn">τριῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28merw%3Dn">ἡμερῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28do%2Fn">ὁδόν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmmetron">σύμμετρον</w> <w lemma="e%29poih%2Fsato">ἐποιήσατο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fth%7C">τρίτῃ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="deipnh%3Dsai">δειπνῆσαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nazugh%2Fn">ἀναζυγήν</w>, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fas">ἱππέας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29zw%2Fnous">εὐζώνους</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="peltasta%5Cs">πελταστὰς</w> <w lemma="muri%2Fous">μυρίους</w>, <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w> <w lemma="nukto%2Fs">νυκτός</w>, <w lemma="porei%2Fa%7C">πορείᾳ</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenos">χρώμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29nergw%3D%7C">ἐνεργῷ</w>.
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<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29punqa%2Fneto">ἐπυνθάνετο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fein">ἐφεδρεύειν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dlos">χεῖλος</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktas">νύκτας</w> <w lemma="u%28poxwrei%3Dn">ὑποχωρεῖν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flatton">ἔλαττον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fwn">σταδίων</w> <w lemma="die%2Fxousan">διέχουσαν</w>. <w lemma="dianu%2Fsas">διανύσας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nu%2Fktwr">νύκτωρ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kataleipome%2Fnhn">καταλειπομένην</w> <w lemma="o%28do%2Fn">ὁδόν</w>,
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<w lemma="a%28%2Fte">ἅτε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fwn">πεδίων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppasi%2Fmwn">ἱππασίμων</w> <w lemma="u%28parxo%2Fntwn">ὑπαρχόντων</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Ffqase">ἔφθασε</w> <w lemma="peraiw%2Fsas">περαιώσας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianw%3Dn">Βακτριανῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>, <w lemma="shmhna%2Fntwn">σημηνάντων</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="skopw%3Dn">σκοπῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fs">γεγονός</w>, <w lemma="e%29ceboh%2Fqoun">ἐξεβοήθουν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fmisgon">συνέμισγον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fois">ὑπεναντίοις</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="basileu%2Fs">βασιλεύς</w>, <w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fcasqai">δέξασθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="e%29pifora%5Cn">ἐπιφορὰν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="parakale%2Fsas">παρακαλέσας</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29qisme%2Fnous">εἰθισμένους</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fein">κινδυνεύειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="parh%2Fggeile">παρήγγειλε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29lamou%5Cs">οὐλαμοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="parembalei%3Dn">παρεμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lamba%2Fnein">λαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstous">ἑκάστους</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29qisme%2Fnas">εἰθισμένας</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis">τάξεις</w>,
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<w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="a%29panth%2Fsas">ἀπαντήσας</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbale">συνέβαλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftois">πρώτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnois">ἐπιφερομένοις</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aba%2Fktrwn">Βάκτρων</w>.
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<w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ki%2Fndunon">κίνδυνον</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="a%29gwni%2Fsasqai">ἀγωνίσασθαι</w> <w lemma="diaprepe%2Fstata">διαπρεπέστατα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w>.
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<w lemma="polloi%5C">πολλοὶ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="a%29mfote%2Frwn">ἀμφοτέρων</w> <w lemma="diefqa%2Frhsan">διεφθάρησαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29pekra%2Fthsan">ἐπεκράτησαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fths">πρώτης</w> <w lemma="i%28pparxi%2Fas">ἱππαρχίας</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws:">βασιλέως·</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="deute%2Fras">δευτέρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fths">τρίτης</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnhs">ἐπιφερομένης</w> <w lemma="e%29pie%2Fzonto">ἐπιέζοντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kakw%3Ds">κακῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29ph%2Fllatton">ἀπήλλαττον</w>.
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<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="e%29ktetagme%2Fnwn">ἐκτεταγμένων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w>, <w lemma="%2Apanai%2Ftwlos">Παναίτωλος</w> <w lemma="e%29pagagei%3Dn">ἐπαγαγεῖν</w> <w lemma="paraggei%2Flas">παραγγείλας</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fa">βασιλέα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fontas">κινδυνεύοντας</w> <w lemma="e%29de%2Fcato">ἐδέξατο</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianw%3Dn">Βακτριανῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29piferome%2Fnous">ἐπιφερομένους</w> <w lemma="a%29ta%2Fktws">ἀτάκτως</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="protropa%2Fdhn">προτροπάδην</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkase">ἠνάγκασε</w> <w lemma="fugei%3Dn">φυγεῖν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnoi">ἐκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Apanai%2Ftwlon">Παναίτωλον</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pikeime%2Fnwn">ἐπικειμένων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsthsan">ἔστησαν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fmican">συνέμιξαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29qu%2Fdhmon">Εὐθύδημον</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstous">πλείστους</w> <w lemma="a%29polwleko%2Ftes">ἀπολωλεκότες</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn:">αὑτῶν·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="foneu%2Fsantes">φονεύσαντες</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="zwgri%2Fa%7C">ζωγρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntes">λαβόντες</w>, <w lemma="a%29nexw%2Froun">ἀνεχώρουν</w>. <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="potamo%5Cn">ποταμὸν</w> <w lemma="hu%29li%2Fsqhsan:">ηὐλίσθησαν·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnw%7C">κινδύνῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppon">ἵππον</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="a%29poqanei%3Dn">ἀποθανεῖν</w> <w lemma="traumatisqe%2Fnta">τραυματισθέντα</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>*, <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plhge%2Fnta">πληγέντα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sto%2Fmatos">στόματος</w> <w lemma="a%29pobalei%3Dn">ἀποβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="tinas:">τινας·</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29do%2Fntwn">ὀδόντων</w>, <w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhn">φήμην</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrei%2Fa%7C">ἀνδρείᾳ</w> <w lemma="peripoih%2Fsasqai">περιποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w>.
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<w lemma="genome%2Fnhs">γενομένης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29qu%2Fdhmos">Εὐθύδημος</w> <w lemma="kataplagei%5Cs">καταπλαγεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29nexw%2Frhse">ἀνεχώρησε</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2Azaria%2Fspan">Ζαριάσπαν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Abaktrianh%3Ds">Βακτριανῆς</w>.
<head>Campaign of Antiochus in Bactria</head>When the news came that Euthydemus with his army was before Tapuria, and that ten thousand cavalry were in his front guarding the ford of the river Arius, Antiochus decided to abandon the siege and deal with the situation.
The river being at a distance of three days' march, he marched at a moderate pace for two days, but on the third day he order the rest of his army to break up their camp at daylight
while he himself with his cavalry, his light-armed infantry, and ten thousand peltasts advanced during the night marching quickly.
For he had heard that the enemy's horse kept guard during the day on the river bank, but retired at night to a town as much as twenty stades away. Having completed the remainder of the distance during the night, as the plain is easy to ride over,
he success in getting the greater part of his forces across the river by daylight.
The Bactrian cavalry, when their scouts had reported this, came up to attack and engaged the enemy while still on the march.
The king, seeing that it was necessary to stand the first charge of the enemy, called on one thousand of his cavalry who were accustomed to fight round him and ordered the rest to form up on the spot in squadrons and troops and all place themselves in their usual order,
while he himself with the force I spoke of met and engaged the Bactrians who were the first to charge.
In this affair it seems that Antiochus himself fought more brilliantly than any of those with him.
There were severe losses on both sides, but the king's cavalry repulsed the first Bactrian regiment. When, however, the second and third came up they were in difficulties and had the worst of it.
It was now that Panaetolus ordered his men to advance, and joining the king and those who were fighting round him, compelled those Bactrians who were pursuing in disorder to turn rein and take to headlong flight.
The Bactrians, now hard pressed by Panaetlus, never stopped until they joined Euthydemus after losing most of their men.
The royal cavalry, after killing many of the enemy and making many prisoners, withdrew, and at first encamped on the spot near the river.
In this battle Antiochus's horse was transfixed and killed, and he himself received a wound in the mouth and lost several of his teeth, having in general gained a greater reputation for courage on this occasion than on any other.
After the battle Euthydemus was terror-stricken and retired with his army to a city in Bactria called Zariaspa.