Polybius, Histories

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Book 10 - Chapter 22

1
<w lemma="%2Afilopoi%2Fmhn">Φιλοποίμην</w> <w lemma="toi%2Fnun">τοίνυν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffu">ἔφυ</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds:">καλῶς·</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanesta%2Ftwn">ἐπιφανεστάτων</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkadi%2Fan">Ἀρκαδίαν</w>, <w lemma="trafei%5Cs">τραφεὶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paideuqei%5Cs">παιδευθεὶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Akle%2Fandron">Κλέανδρον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fa">Μαντινέα</w>, <w lemma="patriko%5Cn">πατρικὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="ce%2Fnon">ξένον</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxonta">ὑπάρχοντα</w>, <w lemma="fugadeu%2Fonta">φυγαδεύοντα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnous">ἐκείνους</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>, <w lemma="o%29%2Fnta">ὄντα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fwn">Μαντινέων</w> <w lemma="e%29pifane%2Fstaton">ἐπιφανέστατον</w>.
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="parageno%2Fmenos">παραγενόμενος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="zhlwth%5Cs">ζηλωτὴς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ekdh%2Fmou">Ἐκδήμου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmofa%2Fnous">Δημοφάνους</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnos">γένος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="%2Amega%2Flhs">Μεγάλης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="feu%2Fgontes">φεύγοντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnous">τυράννους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumbiw%2Fsantes">συμβιώσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arkesi%2Fla%7C">Ἀρκεσίλᾳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="filoso%2Ffw%7C">φιλοσόφῳ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="fugh%5Cn">φυγὴν</w> <w lemma="h%29leuqe%2Frwsan">ἠλευθέρωσαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w>, <w lemma="susthsa%2Fmenoi">συστησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aristodh%2Fmou">Ἀριστοδήμου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w>,
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<w lemma="sunepela%2Fbonto">συνεπελάβοντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="katalu%2Fsews">καταλύσεως</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikuwni%2Fwn">Σικυωνίων</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="%2Anikokle%2Fous">Νικοκλέους</w>, <w lemma="koinwnh%2Fsantes">κοινωνήσαντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftw%7C">Ἀράτῳ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pibolh%3Ds:">ἐπιβολῆς·</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akurhnai%2Fwn">Κυρηναίων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="metapemyame%2Fnwn">μεταπεμψαμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pifanw%3Ds">ἐπιφανῶς</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fsthsan">προύστησαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diefu%2Flacan">διεφύλαξαν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqeri%2Fan">ἐλευθερίαν</w>,
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<w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fthn">πρώτην</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="sumbiw%2Fsas">συμβιώσας</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffere">διέφερε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kunhgi%2Fois">κυνηγίοις</w> <w lemma="kakopaqei%2Fas">κακοπαθείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmas">τόλμας</w> <w lemma="peri%2F">περί</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemikoi%3Ds">πολεμικοῖς</w>,
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<w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w> <w lemma="e%29pimelh%5Cs">ἐπιμελὴς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lito%5Cs">λιτὸς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="perikoph%2Fn">περικοπήν</w>, <w lemma="pareilhfw%5Cs">παρειληφὼς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcas">δόξας</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fn">οἷόν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="prostatei%3Dn">προστατεῖν</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Ds">καλῶς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrou%3Dnta">ὀλιγωροῦντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fdion">ἴδιον</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29posxe%2Fsqai">ἀποσχέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fstis">ὅστις</w> <w lemma="polutele%2Fsteron">πολυτελέστερον</w> <w lemma="zh%3D%7C">ζῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fparcin">ὕπαρξιν</w> <w lemma="xorhgi%2Fas">χορηγίας</w>.
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<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="katastaqei%5Cs">κατασταθεὶς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppa%2Frxhs">ἱππάρχης</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paralabw%5Cn">παραλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sunta%2Fgmata">συντάγματα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="panti%5C">παντὶ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="katefqarme%2Fna">κατεφθαρμένα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="yuxa%5Cs">ψυχὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28tthme%2Fnas">ἡττημένας</w>,
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<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="belti%2Fous">βελτίους</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="krei%2Fttous">κρείττους</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgw%7C">ὀλίγῳ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="kateskeu%2Fase">κατεσκεύασε</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinh%5Cn">ἀληθινὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fskhsin">ἄσκησιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="zh%3Dlon">ζῆλον</w> <w lemma="e%29piteuktiko%5Cn">ἐπιτευκτικὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29mbiba%2Fsas">ἐμβιβάσας</w>.
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<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dstoi">πλεῖστοι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqistame%2Fnwn">καθισταμένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnhn">προειρημένην</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29dunami%2Fan">ἀδυναμίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppikoi%3Ds">ἱππικοῖς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="plhsi%2Fon">πλησίον</w> <w lemma="tolmw%3Dsin">τολμῶσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkei">καθήκει</w> <w lemma="prosta%2Fttein">προστάττειν</w>,
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="strathgi%2Fas">στρατηγίας</w> <w lemma="o%29rego%2Fmenoi">ὀρεγόμενοι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29ceriqeu%2Fontai">ἐξεριθεύονται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fous">νέους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fzousin">παρασκευάζουσιν</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fnous">εὔνους</w> <w lemma="sunagwnista%5Cs">συναγωνιστὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29pitimw%3Dntes">ἐπιτιμῶντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="deome%2Fnw%7C">δεομένῳ</w>, <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpou">τρόπου</w> <w lemma="sw%2F%7Czetai">σῴζεται</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="koina%2F">κοινά</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="sumperiste%2Fllontes">συμπεριστέλλοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fas">ἁμαρτίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mikra%3D%7C">μικρᾷ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Friti">χάριτι</w> <w lemma="mega%2Fla">μεγάλα</w> <w lemma="bla%2Fptontes">βλάπτοντες</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pisteu%2Fontas">πιστεύοντας</w>.
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<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fnointo">γένοιντο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w> <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="sw%3Dma">σῶμα</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fa%7C">χρείᾳ</w> <w lemma="dunatoi%5C">δυνατοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fs">πρός</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="koinw%3Dn">κοινῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fxesqai">ἀπέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqumoi">πρόθυμοι</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fw">πλείω</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ligwrou%2Fntwn">ὀλιγωρούντων</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kakozhlwsi%2Fan">κακοζηλωσίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29perga%2Fzontai">ἀπεργάζονται</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%2Fs">πεζούς</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w>.
Philopoemen, then, came of a good stock, his family being one of the noblest in Arcadia. He was brought up and educated under the charge of Cleander of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Mantinea&groupId=731&placeId=1339">Mantinea</a>, an old family friend and the most distinguished of the Mantineans, but living at the time in exile.
When he grew up he became an admirer of Ecdemus and Demophanes, who were natives of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megalopolis&groupId=745&placeId=1360">Megalopolis</a>, but had escaped from the oppression of the tyrants, and after being with Arcesilaus the philosopher during their exile liberated their country by organizing a plot against the tyrant Aristodemus,
and also took part in the overthrow of Nicocles, the tyrant of Sicyon, joining Aratus in that enterprise. In addition to this, when the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cyrene&groupId=521&placeId=985">Cyrene</a> sent for them they had championed their cause in a brilliant manner and preserved their liberty.
Spending much of his time with these two men in his early youth he soon came to excel all his contemporaries in endurance and courage both in the chase and in war.
He was also strict in his wy of living and simple in dress and other such matters, for these men had instilled into him such convictions as that it was impossible for a man who was careless about the conduct of his own life to administer public affairs well, and that it was impossible for a man who lived more extravagantly than his own resources allowed to keep his hands off public money.
Being appointed by the Achaeans to the command of the cavalry at this time and finding the regiments in every way disorganized and the men dispirited,
he made them in a short time not only superior to what they had been but superior to the enemy by submitting them to a course of real training and inspiring them with such zeal as could not fail to ensure success.
For, as for most of the others who are appointed to this office, some of them owing to their own incapacity in horse exercise do not even dare to give any proper orders to the men they have under them,
while others who treat this office as a step to that of strategus, canvass the soldiers and secure their future support, never rebuking a man who deserves it, which is the way to safeguard public interests, but screening all faults and by conferring a small favour doing infinite harm to those who trust them.
And if at any time some commanders are personally efficient and are also anxious to keep their hands off public money, they manage by their unhappy ambition to do more harm to the infantry than the negligent ones, and they do still more mischief to the cavalry.