Polybius, Histories

Layout
Translation

Book 10 - Chapter 16

1
<w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpon">τρόπον</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fnonto">ἐγένοντο</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frioi">κύριοι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi:">Ῥωμαῖοι·</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pau%2Frion">ἐπαύριον</w> <w lemma="a%28qroisqei%2Fshs">ἁθροισθείσης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29gora%5Cn">ἀγορὰν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="strateuome%2Fnwn">στρατευομένων</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="a%29poskeuh%3Ds">ἀποσκευῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politikw%3Dn">πολιτικῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29rgastikw%3Dn">ἐργαστικῶν</w> <w lemma="kataskeuh%3Ds">κατασκευῆς</w>, <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29me%2Frizon">ἐμέριζον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxoi">χιλίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqos">ἔθος</w>.
2
<w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fth">τοιαύτη</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="katalh%2Fyeis">καταλήψεις</w> <w lemma="oi%29konomi%2Fa">οἰκονομία</w>. <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fsths">ἑκάστης</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pomeri%2Fzontai%2F">ἀπομερίζονταί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn">ἀνδρῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="meri%2Fzousin">μερίζουσιν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>.
3
<w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="a%29pota%2Fttontai">ἀποτάττονται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%2Fsewn:">ἡμίσεων·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipoi%5C">λοιποὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnontes">μένοντες</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis">τάξεις</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fousi">ἐφεδρεύουσι</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%2Fs">ἐντός</w>, <w lemma="a%29ei%5C">ἀεὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="deiknu%2Fein">δεικνύειν</w>.
4
<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="dih%7Crhme%2Fnhs">διῃρημένης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+ka%5C">Ῥωμαϊκὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxwn">συμμάχων</w>, <w lemma="tote%5C">τοτὲ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spani%2Fws">σπανίως</w> <w lemma="a%28qroizome%2Fnwn">ἁθροιζομένων</w> <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tetta%2Frwn">τεττάρων</w>, <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28rpagh%5Cn">ἁρπαγὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pomerisqe%2Fntes">ἀπομερισθέντες</w> <w lemma="a%29nafe%2Frousi">ἀναφέρουσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%2Fas">ὠφελείας</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkastoi">ἕκαστοι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w>,
5
<w lemma="ka%29%2Fpeita">κἄπειτα</w> <w lemma="praqe%2Fntwn">πραθέντων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxoi">χιλίαρχοι</w> <w lemma="diane%2Fmousi">διανέμουσι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fson">ἴσον</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="mei%2Fnasin">μείνασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fais">ἐφεδρείαις</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="skhna%5Cs">σκηνὰς</w> <w lemma="fula%2Fttousi">φυλάττουσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29rrwstou%3Dsi">ἀρρωστοῦσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="leitourgi%2Fan">λειτουργίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29pestalme%2Fnois">ἀπεσταλμένοις</w>.
6
<w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fna">μηδένα</w> <w lemma="nosfi%2Fzesqai">νοσφίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="diarpagh%3Ds">διαρπαγῆς</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="threi%3Dn">τηρεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fstin">πίστιν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frkon">ὅρκον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cn">ὃν</w> <w lemma="o%29mnu%2Fousi">ὀμνύουσι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="a%28qroisqw%3Dsi">ἁθροισθῶσι</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>, <w lemma="e%29cie%2Fnai">ἐξιέναι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllontes">μέλλοντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fan">πολεμίαν</w>,
7
<w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Frhtai">εἴρηται</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pleio%2Fnwn">πλειόνων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="politei%2Fas">πολιτείας</w>.
8
<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Ftan">ὅταν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%2Fseis">ἡμίσεις</w> <w lemma="tra%2Fpwntai">τράπωνται</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%28rpaga%2Fs">ἁρπαγάς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%2Fseis">ἡμίσεις</w> <w lemma="diafula%2Fttontes">διαφυλάττοντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis">τάξεις</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fwsi">ἐφεδρεύωσι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="kinduneu%2Fei">κινδυνεύει</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="pleoneci%2Fan">πλεονεξίαν</w>.
9
<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdos">ἐλπίδος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="w%29fe%2Fleian">ὠφέλειαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29pistoume%2Fnhs">ἀπιστουμένης</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flois">ἀλλήλοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fshs">ἴσης</w> <w lemma="e%28sthkui%2Fas">ἑστηκυίας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnousi">μένουσι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fas">ἐφεδρείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="diarpa%2Fzousin">διαρπάζουσιν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="a%29polei%2Fpei">ἀπολείπει</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fceis:">τάξεις·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="ma%2F">μά</w>
Next day the booty, both the baggage of the troops in the Carthaginian service and the household stuff of the townsmen and working classes, having been collected in the market, was divided by the tribunes among the legions on the usual system.
The Romans after the capture of a city manage matters more or less as follows: according to the size of the town sometimes a certain number of men from each maniple, at other times certain whole maniples are told off to collect booty, but they never thus employ more than half their total force, the rest remaining in their ranks at times outside and at times inside the city, ready for the occasion.
As their armies are usually composed of two Roman legions and two legions of allies, the whole four legions being rarely massed, all those who are told off to spoil bring the booty back each man to his own legion, and after it has been sold the tribunes distribute the profits equally among all, including not only those who were left behind in the protecting force, but the men who are guarding the tents, the sick, and those absent on any special service.
I have already stated at some length in my chapters on the Roman state how it is that no one appropriates any part of the loot, but that all keep the oath they make when first assembled in camp on setting out for a campaign.
So that when half of the army disperse to pillage and the other half keep their ranks and afford them protection, there is never any chance of the Romans suffering disaster owing to individual covetousness.
For as all, both the spoilers and those who remain to safeguard them, have equal confidence that they will get their share of the booty, no one leaves the ranks, a thing which usually does injury to other armies.