Polybius, Histories

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Book 1 - Chapter 30

1
<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="qewrou%3Dntes">θεωροῦντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="xroniwte%2Fran">χρονιωτέραν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dsan">οὖσαν</w>, <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="strathgou%5Cs">στρατηγοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%28%2Flonto">εἵλοντο</w> <w lemma="du%2Fo">δύο</w>, <w lemma="to%2Fn">τόν</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fannwnos">Ἄννωνος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Abw%2Fstaron">Βώσταρον</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ami%2Flkan">Ἀμίλκαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpempon">ἔπεμπον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28hra%2Fkleian">Ἡράκλειαν</w>, <w lemma="kalou%3Dntes">καλοῦντες</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxos">τάχος</w> <w lemma="au%29to%2Fn">αὐτόν</w>.
2
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nalabw%5Cn">ἀναλαβὼν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="pentakosi%2Fous">πεντακοσίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="pentakisxili%2Fous">πεντακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dn">παρῆν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fna:">Καρχηδόνα·</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katastaqei%5Cs">κατασταθεὶς</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tri%2Ftos">τρίτος</w> <w lemma="e%29bouleu%2Feto">ἐβουλεύετο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asdrou%2Fban">Ἀσδρούβαν</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="parou%3Dsin">παροῦσιν</w>.
3
<w lemma="e%29%2Fdocen">ἔδοξεν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fra%7C">χώρᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="periora%3Dn">περιορᾶν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="porqoume%2Fnhn">πορθουμένην</w>.
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<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkos">Μάρκος</w> <w lemma="meta%2F">μετά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fras">ἡμέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29peporeu%2Feto">ἐπεπορεύετο</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29tei%2Fxista">ἀτείχιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29ruma%2Ftwn">ἐρυμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29fo%2Fdou">ἐφόδου</w> <w lemma="diarpa%2Fzwn">διαρπάζων</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teteixisme%2Fna">τετειχισμένα</w> <w lemma="poliorkw%3Dn">πολιορκῶν</w>.
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<w lemma="a%29fiko%2Fmenos">ἀφικόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adu%5Cn">Ἀδὺν</w> <w lemma="a%29cio%2Fxrew">ἀξιόχρεω</w>, <w lemma="peristratopedeu%2Fsas">περιστρατοπεδεύσας</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="suni%2Fstato">συνίστατο</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%3Ds">σπουδῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frga">ἔργα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="po%2Flei">πόλει</w> <w lemma="spouda%2Fzontes">σπουδάζοντες</w> <w lemma="bohqh%3Dsai">βοηθῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pai%2Fqrwn">ὑπαίθρων</w> <w lemma="a%29ntipoiei%3Dsqai">ἀντιποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnontes">κρίνοντες</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%3Dgon">ἐξῆγον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>.
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<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katalabo%2Fmenoi">καταλαβόμενοι</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w> <w lemma="u%28perde%2Fcion">ὑπερδέξιον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29fuh%3D">ἀφυῆ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmesin">δυνάμεσιν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeusan">κατεστρατοπέδευσαν</w>.
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<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxontes">ἔχοντες</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstas">πλείστας</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%28ppeu%3Dsin">ἱππεῦσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fois">θηρίοις</w>, <w lemma="a%29fe%2Fmenoi">ἀφέμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pipe%2Fdwn">ἐπιπέδων</w> <w lemma="xwri%2Fwn">χωρίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sugklei%2Fsantes">συγκλείσαντες</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="e%29rumnou%5Cs">ἐρυμνοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusba%2Ftous">δυσβάτους</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fmellon">ἔμελλον</w> <w lemma="dida%2Fcein">διδάξειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="de%2Fon">δέον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>. <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>.
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<w lemma="sunnoh%2Fsantes">συννοήσαντες</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnes">ἡγεμόνες</w> <w lemma="e%29mpei%2Frws">ἐμπείρως</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="praktikw%2Ftaton">πρακτικώτατον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="foberw%2Ftaton">φοβερώτατον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmews">δυνάμεως</w> <w lemma="h%29xrei%2Fwtai">ἠχρείωται</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Fmeinan">ἀνέμειναν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%3Dnoi">ἐκεῖνοι</w> <w lemma="kataba%2Fntes">καταβάντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="pareta%2Fcanto">παρετάξαντο</w>,
10
<w lemma="xrw%2Fmenoi">χρώμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fois">ἰδίοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fwti%5C">φωτὶ</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fbainon">προσέβαινον</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28kate%2Frou">ἑκατέρου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fois">Καρχηδονίοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fxrhsta">ἄχρηστα</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws:">τελέως·</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Froi">μισθοφόροι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnu">πάνυ</w> <w lemma="gennai%2Fws">γενναίως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proqu%2Fmws">προθύμως</w> <w lemma="e%29kbohqh%2Fsantes">ἐκβοηθήσαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkasan">ἠνάγκασαν</w> <w lemma="e%29kkli%3Dnai">ἐκκλῖναι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fugei%3Dn:">φυγεῖν·</w>
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<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="propeso%2Fntes">προπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kuklwqe%2Fntes">κυκλωθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="qate%2Frou">θατέρου</w> <w lemma="me%2Frous">μέρους</w> <w lemma="prosbaino%2Fntwn">προσβαινόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29tra%2Fphsan">ἐτράπησαν</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="eu%29qu%5Cs">εὐθὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fas">στρατοπεδείας</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Fpeson">ἐξέπεσον</w>.
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<w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="qhri%2Fa">θηρία</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w>, <w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fxista">τάχιστα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28malw%3Dn">ὁμαλῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28%2Fyato">ἥψατο</w>, <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxw%2Frhsin:">ἀποχώρησιν·</w>
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29pidiw%2Fcantes">ἐπιδιώξαντες</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w> <w lemma="diarpa%2Fsantes">διαρπάσαντες</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenoi">ἐπιπορευόμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqoun">ἐπόρθουν</w>.
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<w lemma="geno%2Fmenoi">γενόμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhs">προσαγορευομένης</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="%2Atu%2Fnhtos">Τύνητος</w> <w lemma="e%29gkratei%3Ds">ἐγκρατεῖς</w>, <w lemma="eu%29fuou%3Ds">εὐφυοῦς</w> <w lemma="u%28parxou%2Fshs">ὑπαρχούσης</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnas">προκειμένας</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%2Fs">ἐπιβολάς</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="keime%2Fnhs">κειμένης</w> <w lemma="eu%29kai%2Frws">εὐκαίρως</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="su%2Fneggus">σύνεγγυς</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>, <w lemma="katestratope%2Fdeusan">κατεστρατοπέδευσαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%2Fn">αὐτήν</w>.
The Carthaginians, observing that the Romans were preparing for a long occupation, in the first place elected two generals from among themselves, Hasdrubal, the son of Hanno, and Bostar, and next sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Heraclea&groupId=624&placeId=1147">Heraclea</a> to Hamilcar, ordering him to return instantly.
Taking with him five hundred horse and five thousand foot, he came to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> where, being appointed third general, he held a consultation with Hasdrubal and his staff as to what steps should be taken.
They decided on marching to the assistance of the country and no longer looking on while it was plundered with immunity.
A few days later Regulus had begun to advance, taking by assault and pillaging the unwalled places and laying siege to those which had walls.
On reaching <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Adys&groupId=283&placeId=556">Adys</a>, a town of some importance, he encamped about it and busied himself with raising works to besiege it.
The Carthaginians, being anxious to attempt to regain the command of the open country, led out their forces.
They took possession of a hill which, while overlooking the enemy, was not a favourable position for their own army; and there they encamped.
In this manner, though their best hope lay in their cavalry and elephants, yet by quitting the level country and shutting themselves up in a precipitous place, difficult of access, they were sure to make it plain to their adversaries how best to attack them, and this is exactly what did happen.
For the Roman commanders, perceiving from their experience of war that the most efficient and formidable part of the enemy's force was rendered unserviceable by their position, did not wait for the Carthaginians to come down and offer battle on the plain,
but, seizing on their own opportunity, advanced at daybreak on the hill from both sides.
And so their elephants and cavalry were absolutely useless to the Carthaginians, but their mercenaries sallying out with great gallantry and dash compelled the first legion to give way and take to flight;
but on their advancing too far and being surrounded and driven back by the force that was attacking on the other side, the whole Carthaginian army were at once dislodged from their camp.
The elephants and cavalry, as soon as they reached level ground, effected their retreat in safety,
and the Romans, after pursuing the infantry for a short distance and destroying the camp, henceforth over-ran and plundered the country and its towns unmolested.
Having made themselves masters of the town named <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tunis&groupId=1051&placeId=1849">Tunis</a>, which was a suitable base for these raids, and also well situated for operations against the capital and its immediate environs, they established themselves there.