<w lemma="%2Aplh%5Cn">Πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="para%2Fqesis">παράθεσις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="peri%2Fstasis">περίστασις</w> <w lemma="e%29bia%2Fzeto">ἐβιάζετο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meteti%2Fqeto">μετετίθετο</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fk">ἔκ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgesqai">λέγεσθαι</w> <w lemma="mello%2Fntwn">μελλόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="fanero%2Fn">φανερόν</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akapu%2Fhn">Καπύην</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="u%28poxei%2Frion">ὑποχείριον</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29ko%2Fs">εἰκός</w>, <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="mete%2Fwroi">μετέωροι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="perie%2Fblepon">περιέβλεπον</w> <w lemma="a%29forma%5Cs">ἀφορμὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="profa%2Fseis">προφάσεις</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds:">μεταβολῆς·</w>
<w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="dusxrhsthqei%5Cs">δυσχρηστηθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pori%2Fan">ἀπορίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29mpesei%3Dn">ἐμπεσεῖν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nestw%2Ftwn">ἐνεστώτων</w>.
<w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="threi%3Dn">τηρεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="diestw%2Fsas">διεστώσας</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flwn">ἀλλήλων</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cs">δυνατὸς</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>, <w lemma="kaqi%2Fsas">καθίσας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fna">ἕνα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fosi">πλείοσι</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="a%29ntiparago%2Fntwn">ἀντιπαραγόντων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="diairei%3Dn">διαιρεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="polla%5C">πολλὰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Frh">μέρη</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Do%2Fs">οἷός</w> <w lemma="t%27">τ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>.
<w lemma="eu%29xei%2Frwtos">εὐχείρωτος</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmelle">ἔμελλε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29xqroi%3Ds">ἐχθροῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frcein">ὑπάρξειν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fpesqai">λείπεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="plh%2Fqei">πλήθει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="sumparei%3Dnai">συμπαρεῖναι</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fzeto">ἠναγκάζετο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prodh%2Flws">προδήλως</w> <w lemma="e%29gkatalei%2Fpein">ἐγκαταλείπειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w>, <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cs">φρουρὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29ca%2Fgein">ἐξάγειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29gwniw%3Dn">ἀγωνιῶν</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="metabola%5Cs">μεταβολὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="sugkatafqei%2Frh%7C">συγκαταφθείρῃ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fous">ἰδίους</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w>.
<w lemma="e%29ni%2Fas">ἐνίας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paraspondh%3Ds%27">παρασπονδῆς᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fmeine">ὑπέμεινε</w>, <w lemma="metanista%5Cs">μετανιστὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllas">ἄλλας</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poiw%3Dn">ποιῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29narpa%2Fstous">ἀναρπάστους</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fous">βίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="prosko%2Fptontes">προσκόπτοντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Fbeian">ἀσέβειαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%29mo%2Fthta">ὠμότητα</w> <w lemma="kategi%2Fnwskon">κατεγίνωσκον</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%28rpagai%5C">ἁρπαγαὶ</w> <w lemma="xrhma%2Ftwn">χρημάτων</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fnoi">φόνοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Faioi">βίαιοι</w> <w lemma="profa%2Fseis">προφάσεις</w> <w lemma="e%29gi%2Fnonto">ἐγίνοντο</w> <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29cio%2Fntwn">ἐξιόντων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29sio%2Fntwn">εἰσιόντων</w> <w lemma="stratiwtw%3Dn">στρατιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w>, <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstwn">ἑκάστων</w> <w lemma="u%28peilhfo%2Ftwn">ὑπειληφότων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fson">ὅσον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28poleipome%2Fnous">ὑπολειπομένους</w> <w lemma="metabalei%3Dsqai">μεταβαλεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="li%2Fan">λίαν</w> <w lemma="dusxere%5Cs">δυσχερὲς</w> <w lemma="a%29pofh%2Fnasqai">ἀποφήνασθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsews">φύσεως</w>, <w lemma="dia%2F">διά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="para%2Fqesin">παράθεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="peri%2Fstasin">περίστασιν</w>.
<w lemma="kratei%3D">κρατεῖ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmh">φήμη</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoi%2Fois">Καρχηδοίοις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="filargu%2Frou">φιλαργύρου</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="w%29mou%3D">ὠμοῦ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> [<w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>].
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<head>Hannibal Treats Different Cities in Different Ways</head>The influence of friends then, and still more that of circumstances, in doing violence to and changing the natural character of Hannibal, is shown by what I have narrated and<pb n="586" />will be shown by what I have to narrate.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note53">Effect of the fall of Capua, B. C. 211.</note>For as soon as Capua fell into the hands of the Romans the other cities naturally became restless, and began to look round for opportunities and pretexts for revolting back again to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. It was then that Hannibal seems to have been at his lowest point of distress and despair. For neither was he able to keep a watch upon all the cities so widely removed from each other,—while he remained entrenched at one spot, and the enemy were manœuvering against him with several armies,— nor could he divide his force into many parts; for he would have put an easy victory into the hands of the enemy by becoming inferior to them in numbers, and finding it impossible to be personally present at all points. Wherefore he was obliged to completely abandon some of the cities, and withdraw his garrisons from others: being afraid lest, in the course of the revolutions which might occur, he should lose his own soldiers as well. Some cities again he made up his mind to treat with treacherous violence, removing their inhabitants to other cities, and giving their property up to plunder; in consequence of which many were enraged with him, and accused him of impiety or cruelty. For the fact was that these movements were accompanied by robberies of money, murders, and violence, on various pretexts at the hands of the outgoing or incoming soldiers in the cities, because they always supposed that the inhabitants that were left behind were on the verge of turning over to the enemy. It is, therefore, very difficult to express an opinion on the natural character of Hannibal, owing to the influence exercised on it by the counsel of friends and the force of circumstances. The prevailing notion about him, however, at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> was that he was greedy of money, at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> that he was cruel.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note54">See<ref target="b3c86" targOrder="U">3, 86</ref>, note. Cp.<cit><bibl n="Cic. Amic. 8" default="NO" valid="yes">Cicero de Am. § 8,</bibl><quote lang="la">cum duobus ducibus de imperio in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italia&groupId=656&placeId=1198">Italia</a> decertatum est, Pyrrho et Annibale. Ab altero propter probitatem ejus non nimis alienos animos habemus; alterum<emph>propter crudelitatem semper hacc civitas oderit.</emph></quote></cit></note>. . .<pb n="587" />
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