Polybius, Histories

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Book 8 - Chapter 3

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<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fote">Ὅτε</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakou%2Fsas">Συρακούσας</w> <w lemma="%2A%29epiku%2Fdhs">Ἐπικύδης</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ippokra%2Fths">Ἱπποκράτης</w> <w lemma="kate%2Flabon">κατέλαβον</w>, <w lemma="e%28autou%2Fs">ἑαυτούς</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllous">ἄλλους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politw%3Dn">πολιτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fas">φιλίας</w> <w lemma="a%29llotriw%2Fsantes">ἀλλοτριώσαντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="prospeptwkui%2Fas">προσπεπτωκυίας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ierwnu%2Fmou">Ἱερωνύμου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asurakosi%2Fwn">Συρακοσίων</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="katastrofh%3Ds">καταστροφῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappion">Ἄππιον</w> <w lemma="%2Aklau%2Fdion">Κλαύδιον</w> <w lemma="a%29ntistra%2Fthgon">ἀντιστράτηγον</w> <w lemma="katasth%2Fsantes">καταστήσαντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pezh%5Cn">πεζὴν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fsthsan">συνέστησαν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>, <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nhi+%2Fthn">νηΐτην</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="sto%2Flon">στόλον</w> <w lemma="e%29petro%2Fpeuse">ἐπετρόπευσε</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkos">Μάρκος</w> <w lemma="%2Aklau%2Fdios">Κλαύδιος</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="stratopedei%2Fan">στρατοπεδείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29ba%2Flonto">ἐβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29posxo%2Fntes">ἀποσχόντες</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prosbola%5Cs">προσβολὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fkrinan">ἔκριναν</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pezh%3D%7C">πεζῇ</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmei">δυνάμει</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ecapu%2Flwn">Ἑξαπύλων</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="nautikh%3D%7C">ναυτικῇ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axradi%2Fnhs">Ἀχραδίνης</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Askutikh%5Cn">Σκυτικὴν</w> <w lemma="prosagoreuome%2Fnhn">προσαγορευομένην</w> <w lemma="stoa%2Fn">στοάν</w>, <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="krhpi%3Ddos">κρηπῖδος</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tei%3Dxos">τεῖχος</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w>.
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<w lemma="e%28toimasa%2Fmenoi">ἑτοιμασάμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ge%2Frra">γέρρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="be%2Flh">βέλη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%29%2Flla">τἄλλα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poliorki%2Fan">πολιορκίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais">ἡμέραις</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="poluxeiri%2Fan">πολυχειρίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Flpisan">ἤλπισαν</w> <w lemma="katataxh%2Fsein">καταταχήσειν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%3D%7C">παρασκευῇ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="logisa%2Fmenoi">λογισάμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arximh%2Fdous">Ἀρχιμήδους</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29de%5C">οὐδὲ</w> <w lemma="proi+do%2Fmenoi">προϊδόμενοι</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="mi%2Fa">μία</w> <w lemma="yuxh%5C">ψυχὴ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fshs">ἁπάσης</w> <w lemma="e%29sti%5C">ἐστὶ</w> <w lemma="poluxeiri%2Fas">πολυχειρίας</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fois">ἐνίοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nustikwte%2Fra">ἀνυστικωτέρα</w>. <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fgnwsan">ἔγνωσαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgwn">ἔργων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="lego%2Fmenon">λεγόμενον</w>.
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<w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%29xura%3Ds">ὀχυρᾶς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dsqai">κεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fklw%7C">κύκλῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tei%3Dxos">τεῖχος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="u%28perdeci%2Fwn">ὑπερδεξίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prokeime%2Fnhs">προκειμένης</w> <w lemma="o%29fru%2Fos">ὀφρύος</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="h%28%5Cn">ἣν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mhdeno%5Cs">μηδενὸς</w> <w lemma="kwlu%2Fontos">κωλύοντος</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%29marw%3Ds">εὐμαρῶς</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnaito">δύναιτο</w> <w lemma="pela%2Fsai">πελάσαι</w> <w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w> <w lemma="w%28risme%2Fnous">ὡρισμένους</w>,
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<w lemma="toiau%2Fthn">τοιαύτην</w> <w lemma="h%28toi%2Fmase">ἡτοίμασε</w> <w lemma="paraskeuh%5Cn">παρασκευὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnos">προειρημένος</w> <w lemma="a%29nh%5Cr">ἀνὴρ</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuome%2Fnous">ἐπιπορευομένους</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29sxolei%3Dsqai">ἀσχολεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29munome%2Fnous">ἀμυνομένους</w>, <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fwn">ἐναντίων</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmou">ἑτοίμου</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fnthsin">ἀπάντησιν</w>.
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<w lemma="plh%5Cn">πλὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fappios">Ἄππιος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="ge%2Frra">γέρρα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kli%2Fmakas">κλίμακας</w> <w lemma="e%29nexei%2Frei">ἐνεχείρει</w> <w lemma="prosfe%2Frein">προσφέρειν</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptonti">συνάπτοντι</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxei">τείχει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ecapu%2Flois">Ἑξαπύλοις</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29natolw%3Dn">ἀνατολῶν</w>.
<head><a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> Continue to Covet <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a> and Sicily</head>It appears to me not to be alien to my general<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note7">Sardinia reduced by T. Manlius Torquatus, B. C. 215. Marcellus took Leontini, B. C. 214 (autumn).<bibl n="Liv. 24.30" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 24, 30</bibl>.</note>purpose, and the plan which I originally laid down, to recall the attention of my readers to the magnitude of the events, and the persistency of purpose displayed by the two States of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>. For who could think it otherwise than remarkable that these two powers, while engaged in so serious a war for the possession of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, and one no less serious for that of Iberia; and being still both of them equally balanced between uncertain hopes and fears for the future of these wars, and confronted at the very time with battles equally formidable to either, should yet not be content with their existing undertakings: but should raise another controversy as to the possession of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sardinia&groupId=947&placeId=1685">Sardinia</a> and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>; and not content with merely hoping for all these things, should grasp at them with all the resources of their wealth and warlike forces? Indeed the more we examine into details the greater becomes our astonishment.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">Marcus Valerius Laevinus commands a fleet off Greece, B. C. 215-214.<bibl n="Liv. 24.10" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 24, 10</bibl>. Publius Sulpicius Galba Cos. (B. C. 211.) sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>.<bibl n="Liv. 26.22" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 26, 22</bibl>;<bibl n="Liv. 27.31" default="NO" valid="yes">27, 31</bibl>. Appius Claudius Pulcher, Praetor, sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>, B. C. 215.<bibl n="Liv. 23.31" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy, 23, 31</bibl>, Pro-praetor, B. C. 214.<bibl n="Liv. 24.33" default="NO" valid="yes">Livy 24, 33</bibl>.</note>The Romans had two complete armies under the two Consuls on active service in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>; two in Iberia in which Gnaeus Cornelius commanded the land, Publius Cornelius the naval forces; and naturally the same was the case with the Carthaginians. But besides this, a Roman fleet was anchored off Greece, watching it and the movements of Philip, of which first Marcus Valerius, and afterward Publius Sulpicius was in command. Along with all<pb n="528" />these undertakings Appius with a hundred quinqueremes, and Marcus Claudius with an army, were threatening <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sicily&groupId=973&placeId=1724">Sicily</a>; while Hamilcar was doing the same on the side of the Carthaginians.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note9">Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Cos. III., B. C. 214.</note>