<w lemma="%2Atau%2Fthn">Ταύτην</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="pikri%2Fan">πικρίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29quroglwtti%2Fan">ἀθυρογλωττίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fws">συγγραφέως</w> <w lemma="ti%2Fs">τίς</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="a%29podokima%2Fseien">ἀποδοκιμάσειεν</w>;
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="maxo%2Fmena">μαχόμενα</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgei">λέγει</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fqesin">πρόθεσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fcio%2Fs">ἄξιός</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pitimh%2Fsews">ἐπιτιμήσεως</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fyeustai">κατέψευσται</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="yeu%3Ddos">ψεῦδος</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxrw%3Ds">αἰσχρῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29prepw%3Ds">ἀπρεπῶς</w> <w lemma="diate%2Fqeitai">διατέθειται</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asardanapa%2Fllou">Σαρδαναπάλλου</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="sumbiwtw%3Dn">συμβιωτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w>, <w lemma="mo%2Flis">μόλις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29qa%2Frrhse">ἐθάρρησε</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="kakorrhmosu%2Fnh%7C">κακορρημοσύνῃ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fth%7C">ταύτῃ</w> <w lemma="xrh%2Fsasqai:">χρήσασθαι·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fw%7C">βίῳ</w> <w lemma="proai%2Fresin">προαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29se%2Flgeian">ἀσέλγειαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pigrafh%3Ds">ἐπιγραφῆς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Ffou">τάφου</w> <w lemma="tekmairo%2Fmeqa">τεκμαιρόμεθα</w>.
<w lemma="le%2Fgei">λέγει</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> [<w lemma="e%29pigrafh%2F">ἐπιγραφή</w>], <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxw">ἔχω</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fss%27">ὅσς᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffagon">ἔφαγον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29fu%2Fbrisa">ἐφύβρισα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frwtos">ἔρωτος</w> <w lemma="te%2Frpn%27">τέρπν᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpaqon">ἔπαθον</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Aperi%5C">Περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flwn">φίλων</w> <w lemma="eu%29labhqei%2Fh">εὐλαβηθείη</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ou%29x">οὐχ</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="malaki%2Fan">μαλακίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="a%29nandri%2Fan">ἀνανδρίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29naisxunti%2Fan">ἀναισχυντίαν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%29nanti%2Fon">τοὐναντίον</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fpot%27">μήποτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29gkwmia%2Fzein">ἐγκωμιάζειν</w> <w lemma="e%29piballo%2Fmenos">ἐπιβαλλόμενος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="dunhqh%3D%7C">δυνηθῇ</w> <w lemma="kataci%2Fws">καταξίως</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrei%2Fas">ἀνδρείας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filoponi%2Fas">φιλοπονίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sullh%2Fbdhn">συλλήβδην</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29reth%3Ds">ἀρετῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrw%3Dn:">ἀνδρῶν·</w>
<w lemma="oi%28%2F">οἵ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="profanw%3Ds">προφανῶς</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Frais">σφετέραις</w> <w lemma="filoponi%2Fais">φιλοπονίαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmais">τόλμαις</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="e%29laxi%2Fsths">ἐλαχίστης</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fas">βασιλείας</w> <w lemma="e%29ndocota%2Fthn">ἐνδοξοτάτην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="kateskeu%2Fasan:">κατεσκεύασαν·</w>
<w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnou">ἐκείνου</w> <w lemma="qa%2Fnaton">θάνατον</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelesqei%3Dsai">ἐπιτελεσθεῖσαι</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnhn">ὁμολογουμένην</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29reth%3D%7C">ἀρετῇ</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhn">φήμην</w> <w lemma="paradedw%2Fkasi">παραδεδώκασι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w>.
<w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fsws">ἴσως</w> <w lemma="meri%2Fda">μερίδα</w> <w lemma="qete%2Fon">θετέον</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dti">προεστῶτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrw%7C">Ἀλεξάνδρῳ</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnti">ὄντι</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fw%7C">νέῳ</w> <w lemma="pantelw%3Ds">παντελῶς</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttw">ἐλάττω</w> <w lemma="me%2Fntoi">μέντοι</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="sunergoi%3Ds">συνεργοῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fi%2Flois">φίλοις</w>,
<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="pollai%3Ds">πολλαῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcois">παραδόξοις</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxais">μάχαις</w> <w lemma="e%29ni%2Fkhsan">ἐνίκησαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fous">ὑπεναντίους</w>, <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parabo%2Flous">παραβόλους</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fmeinan">ὑπέμειναν</w> <w lemma="po%2Fnous">πόνους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="talaipwri%2Fas">ταλαιπωρίας</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fsths">πλείστης</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="periousi%2Fas">περιουσίας</w> <w lemma="kurieu%2Fsantes">κυριεύσαντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%28pa%2Fsas">ἁπάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29piqumi%2Fas">ἐπιθυμίας</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fsths">πλείστης</w> <w lemma="eu%29porh%2Fsantes">εὐπορήσαντες</w> <w lemma="a%29polau%2Fsews">ἀπολαύσεως</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="swmatikh%5Cn">σωματικὴν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%2Fpote">οὐδέποτε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dt%27">ταῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29lattw%2Fqhsan">ἠλαττώθησαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="yuxika%5Cs">ψυχικὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28rma%5Cs">ὁρμὰς</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fdikon">ἄδικον</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29selge%5Cs">ἀσελγὲς</w> <w lemma="e%29peth%2Fdeusan">ἐπετήδευσαν</w>,
<w lemma="a%28%2Fpantes">ἅπαντες</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpos">ἔπος</w> <w lemma="ei%29pei%3Dn">εἰπεῖν</w>, <w lemma="basilikoi%5C">βασιλικοὶ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="megaloyuxi%2Fais">μεγαλοψυχίαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="swfrosu%2Fnais">σωφροσύναις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="to%2Flmais">τόλμαις</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbhsan">ἀπέβησαν</w>, <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppw%7C">Φιλίππῳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrw%7C">Ἀλεξάνδρῳ</w> <w lemma="sumbiw%2Fsantes">συμβιώσαντες</w>. <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="de%2Foi">δέοι</w> <w lemma="mnhmoneu%2Fein">μνημονεύειν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29no%2Fmatos">ὀνόματος</w>.
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w> <w lemma="qa%2Fnaton">θάνατον</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftw">οὕτω</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fstwn">πλείστων</w> <w lemma="merw%3Dn">μερῶν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhs">οἰκουμένης</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhth%2Fsantes">ἀμφισβητήσαντες</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fsimon">παραδόσιμον</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fhsan">ἐποίησαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w>
<w lemma="plei%2Fstois">πλείστοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pomnh%2Fmasin">ὑπομνήμασιν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Atimai%2Fou">Τιμαίου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="suggrafe%2Fws">συγγραφέως</w> <w lemma="pikri%2Fan">πικρίαν</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3D%7C">ᾗ</w> <w lemma="ke%2Fxrhtai">κέχρηται</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29agaqokle%2Fous">Ἀγαθοκλέους</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Asikeli%2Fas">Σικελίας</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fstou">δυνάστου</w>, <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29nupe%2Frblhton">ἀνυπέρβλητον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="dokou%3Dsan">δοκοῦσαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fmws">ὅμως</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> — <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29xqrou%3D">ἐχθροῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ponhrou%3D">πονηροῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tura%2Fnnou">τυράννου</w> <w lemma="diati%2Fqetai">διατίθεται</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kathgori%2Fan">κατηγορίαν</w> — <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqeopo%2Fmpou">Θεοπόμπου</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fptein">πίπτειν</w>.
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<head>Philip Devastates Messene</head>Upon arriving in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Messenia&groupId=760&placeId=1380">Messenia</a> Philip began devasting the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note18">Philip's second devastation of Messene, B.C. 214.</note>country, like an open enemy, with more passion than reason; for while pursuing this continuous course of injurious actions, he expected, it<pb n="535" />appears to me, that the sufferers would feel no anger or hatred towards him.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note19">See Plutarch,<bibl n="Plut. Arat. 51" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Aratus,</title>ch. 51</bibl>. Cp.<foreign lang="la">supra,</foreign><ref target="b7c10" targOrder="U">7, 10-14</ref>.</note>I was induced to speak of these proceedings in somewhat full detail in the present as well as in the last book, not alone by the same motives as those which I have assigned for other parts of my work, but also by the fact that of our historians, some have entirely omitted this Messenian episode; while others from love or fear of kings have maintained that, so far from the outrages committed by Philip in defiance of religion and law upon the Messenians being a subject of blame, his actions were on the contrary matters for praise and gratulation. But it is not only in regard to the Messenians that we may notice the historians of Philip acting thus; they have done much the same in other cases also. And the result is that their compositions have the appearance of a panegyric rather than of a history. I however hold that an historian ought neither to blame or praise kings untruly, as has often been done; but to make what we say consistent with what has been written before, and tally with the characters of the several persons in question. But it may be urged perhaps that this is easy to say, but very difficult to carry out; because situations and circumstances are so many and various, to which men have to give way in the course of their life, and which prevent them from speaking out their real opinions. This may excuse some, but not others.
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Walbank Commentary