<w lemma="%2A%29ea%5Cn">Ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="pote">ποτε</w> <w lemma="tau%29ta%5C">ταὐτὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="sumbh%3D%7C">συμβῇ</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="shmai%2Fas">σημαίας</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerw%3Ds">ὁλοσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="piesqei%2Fsas">πιεσθείσας</w> <w lemma="lipei%3Dn">λιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="culokopei%3Dn">ξυλοκοπεῖν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="foneu%2Fein">φονεύειν</w> <w lemma="a%29podokima%2Fzousi">ἀποδοκιμάζουσι</w>, <w lemma="lu%2Fsin">λύσιν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmatos">πράγματος</w> <w lemma="eu%28ri%2Fskontai">εὑρίσκονται</w> <w lemma="sumfe%2Frousan">συμφέρουσαν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataplhktikh%2Fn">καταπληκτικήν</w>.
<w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsas">συναθροίσας</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxos">χιλίαρχος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="proagagw%5Cn">προαγαγὼν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fson">μέσον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="leloipo%2Ftas">λελοιπότας</w>, <w lemma="kathgorei%3D">κατηγορεῖ</w> <w lemma="pikrw%3Ds">πικρῶς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fnte">πέντε</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29ktw%2F">ὀκτώ</w>, <w lemma="pote%5C">ποτὲ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fkosi">εἴκοσι</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flon">ὅλον</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="ai%29ei%5C">αἰεὶ</w> <w lemma="stoxazo%2Fmenos">στοχαζόμενος</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="de%2Fkaton">δέκατον</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="h%28marthko%2Ftwn">ἡμαρτηκότων</w>, <w lemma="tosou%2Ftous">τοσούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="klhrou%3Dtai">κληροῦται</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29podedeiliako%2Ftwn">ἀποδεδειλιακότων</w>,
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="laxo%2Fntas">λαχόντας</w> <w lemma="culokopei%3D">ξυλοκοπεῖ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="r%28hqe%2Fnta">ῥηθέντα</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w> <w lemma="a%29paraith%2Ftws">ἀπαραιτήτως</w>, <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipoi%3Ds">λοιποῖς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Ftrhma">μέτρημα</w> <w lemma="kriqa%5Cs">κριθὰς</w> <w lemma="dou%5Cs">δοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%5C">ἀντὶ</w> <w lemma="purw%3Dn">πυρῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="keleu%2Fei">κελεύει</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Frakos">χάρακος</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>.
<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnou">κινδύνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbou">φόβου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="klh%3Dron">κλῆρον</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29%2Fson">ἴσον</w> <w lemma="e%29pikremame%2Fnou">ἐπικρεμαμένου</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="a%29dh%2Flou">ἀδήλου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="sumptw%2Fmatos">συμπτώματος</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxontos">ὑπάρχοντος</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paradeigmatismou%3D">παραδειγματισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kriqofagi%2Fan">κριθοφαγίαν</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnontos">συμβαίνοντος</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="dunato%5Cn">δυνατὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29qismw%3Dn">ἐθισμῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Flhptai">εἴληπται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="kata%2Fplhcin">κατάπληξιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dio%2Frqwsin">διόρθωσιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="sumptwma%2Ftwn">συμπτωμάτων</w>.
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<head>Military Punishments and Rewards</head>But if it ever happens that a number of men are<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note57">Decimation.</note>involved in these same acts: if, for instance, some entire maniples have quitted their ground in the presence of the enemy, it is deemed impossible to subject all to the<foreign lang="la">fustuarium</foreign>or to military execution; but a solution of the difficulty has been found at once adequate to the maintenance of discipline and calculated to strike terror. The Tribune assembles the legion, calls the defaulters to the front, and, after administering a sharp rebuke, selects five or eight or twenty out of them by lot, so that those selected should be about a tenth of those who have been guilty of the act of cowardice. These selected are punished with the<foreign lang="la">fustuarium</foreign>without mercy; the rest are put on rations of barley instead of wheat, and are ordered to take up their quarters outside the vallum and the protection of the camp. As all are equally in danger of having the lot fall on them, and as all alike who escape that, are made a conspicuous example of by having their rations of barley, the best<pb n="491" />possible means are thus taken to inspire fear for the future, and to correct the mischief which has actually occurred.
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Walbank Commentary