<w lemma="%2Atou%3D">Τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xeimw%3Dnos">χειμῶνος</w> <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnou">ἐπιγενομένου</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppou">Φιλίππου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fws">βασιλέως</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fan">Μακεδονίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29phllagme%2Fnou">ἀπηλλαγμένου</w>, <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ephra%2Ftou">Ἐπηράτου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="katapefronhme%2Fnou">καταπεφρονημένου</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="politikw%3Dn">πολιτικῶν</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskwn">νεανίσκων</w>, <w lemma="kategnwsme%2Fnou">κατεγνωσμένου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frwn">μισθοφόρων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29peiqa%2Frxei">ἐπειθάρχει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="paraggellome%2Fnois">παραγγελλομένοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Ft%27">οὔτ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Ftoimon">ἕτοιμον</w> <w lemma="ou%29de%5Cn">οὐδὲν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w> <w lemma="boh%2Fqeian">βοήθειαν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="ble%2Fyas">βλέψας</w> <w lemma="%2Apurri%2Fas">Πυρρίας</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pestalme%2Fnos">ἀπεσταλμένος</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fois">Ἠλείοις</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="triakosi%2Fous">τριακοσίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hlei%2Fwn">Ἠλείων</w> <w lemma="misqofo%2Frous">μισθοφόρους</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="politikou%5Cs">πολιτικοὺς</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="diakosi%2Fous">διακοσίους</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fst%27">ὥστ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="trisxili%2Fous">τρισχιλίους</w>,
<w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Adumai%2Fwn">Δυμαίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afaraie%2Fwn">Φαραιέων</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqei">ἐπόρθει</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apatre%2Fwn">Πατρέων</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="teleutai%3Don">τελευταῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Apanaxai+ko%5Cn">Παναχαϊκὸν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fros">ὄρος</w> <w lemma="kalou%2Fmenon">καλούμενον</w> <w lemma="e%29pistratopedeu%2Fsas">ἐπιστρατοπεδεύσας</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kei%2Fmenon">κείμενον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apatre%2Fwn">Πατρέων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="e%29dh%2F%7Cou">ἐδῄου</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsan">πᾶσαν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ri%2Fon">Ῥίον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgion">Αἴγιον</w> <w lemma="keklime%2Fnhn">κεκλιμένην</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>.
<w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="kakopaqou%3Dsai">κακοπαθοῦσαι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnousai">τυγχάνουσαι</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas">βοηθείας</w> <w lemma="dusxerw%3Ds">δυσχερῶς</w> <w lemma="pws">πως</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon">εἶχον</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29sfora%2Fs">εἰσφοράς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="stratiw%3Dtai">στρατιῶται</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%29ywni%2Fwn">ὀψωνίων</w> <w lemma="parelkome%2Fnwn">παρελκομένων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kaqusterou%2Fntwn">καθυστερούντων</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Foun">ἐποίουν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas:">βοηθείας·</w>
<w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="a%29ntapodo%2Fsews">ἀνταποδόσεως</w> <w lemma="ginome%2Fnhs">γινομένης</w>, <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="xei%3Dron">χεῖρον</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fbaine">προύβαινε</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="dielu%2Fqh">διελύθη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ceniko%2Fn">ξενικόν</w>. <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnesqai">γίνεσθαι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="proestw%3Dtos">προεστῶτος</w> <w lemma="a%29dunami%2Fan">ἀδυναμίαν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fth%7C">τοιαύτῃ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="diaqe%2Fsei">διαθέσει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiou%2Fs">Ἀχαιούς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnwn">χρόνων</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntwn">καθηκόντων</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29eph%2Fratos">Ἐπήρατος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29peti%2Fqeto">ἀπετίθετο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="qerei%2Fas">θερείας</w> <w lemma="e%29narxome%2Fnhs">ἐναρχομένης</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Faraton">Ἄρατον</w> <w lemma="kate%2Fsthsan">κατέστησαν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="presbu%2Fteron">πρεσβύτερον</w>. <w lemma="%2Akai%5C">Καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphn">Εὐρώπην</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>.
<w lemma="h%28mei%3Ds">ἡμεῖς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnwn">χρόνων</w> <w lemma="diai%2Fresin">διαίρεσιν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w> <w lemma="perigrafh%5Cn">περιγραφὴν</w> <w lemma="a%28rmo%2Fzonta">ἁρμόζοντα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpon">τόπον</w> <w lemma="ei%29lh%2Ffamen">εἰλήφαμεν</w>, <w lemma="metaba%2Fntes">μεταβάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29lumpia%2Fda">ὀλυμπιάδα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="e%29pitelesqei%2Fsas">ἐπιτελεσθείσας</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dtis">αὖτις</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnwn">ἐκείνων</w> <w lemma="poihso%2F">ποιησό</w>
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<head>Aratus Elected Strategus</head>When the next winter came, Philip having departed<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note75">Winter of B. C. 218-217.</note>to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>, and the Achaean Strategus Eperatus having incurred the contempt of the Achaean soldiers and the complete disregard of the mercenaries, no one would obey his orders, and no preparation was made for the defence of the country. This was observed by Pyrrhias, who had been sent by the Aetolians to command the Eleans.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note76">Disorder in Achaia owing to the incompetence of the Strategus Eperatus.</note>He had under him a force of thirteen hundred Aetolians, and the mercenaries hired by the Eleans, as well as a thousand Elean infantry and two hundred Elean cavalry, amounting in all to three thousand: and he now began committing frequent raids, not only upon the territories of Dyme and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharae&groupId=878&placeId=1582">Pharae</a>, but upon that of Patrae also. Finally he pitched his camp on what is called the Panachaean Mountain, which commands the town of Patrae, and began wasting the whole district towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rhium&groupId=929&placeId=1662">Rhium</a> and Aegium. The result was that the cities, being exposed to much suffering, and unable to obtain any assistance, began to make difficulties<pb n="386" />about paying their contribution to the league; and the soldiers finding their pay always in arrear and never paid at the right time acted in the same way about going to the relief of the towns. Both parties thus mutually retaliating on each other, affairs went from bad to worse, and at last the foreign contingent broke up altogether.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note77">May, B.C. 217. Aratus the elder elected Strategus.</note>And all this was the result of the incompetence of the chief magistrate. The time for the next election finding Achaean affairs in this state, Eperatus laid down his office, and just at the beginning of summer Aratus the elder was elected Strategus.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note78">Here again, as in<ref target="b5c1" targOrder="U">5, 1</ref>, the outgoing Strategus appears to go out of office at the time of the election of his successor (see note on<ref target="b5c1" targOrder="U">ch. 1</ref>, and cp.<ref target="b5c4" targOrder="U">4</ref>,<ref target="b5c6" targOrder="U">6</ref>). There seems to have been some variety of practice. Perhaps the interval was left somewhat to mutual arrangement, the summer solstice being the outside limit.</note>Such was the position of affairs in Europe. We have now<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note79">140th Olympiad, Asia.</note>arrived at a proper juncture, both of events and of time, to transfer our narrative to the history of Asia. I will therefore resume my story of the transactions which occurred there during the same Olympiad.
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Walbank Commentary