<w lemma="%2Ata%5C">Τὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akrh%2Fthn">Κρήτην</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn:">ἦν·</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amiqrida%2Fths">Μιθριδάτης</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fnegke">ἐξήνεγκε</w> <w lemma="%2Asinwpeu%3Dsi">Σινωπεῦσι</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Don">οἷον</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5C">ἀρχὴ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Ffasis">πρόφασις</w> <w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="a%29xqei%2Fshs">ἀχθείσης</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fas">ἀτυχίας</w> <w lemma="%2Asinwpeu%3Dsin">Σινωπεῦσιν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="presbeusa%2Fntwn">πρεσβευσάντων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fous">Ῥοδίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parakalou%2Fntwn">παρακαλούντων</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fdoce">ἔδοξε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rodi%2Fois">Ῥοδίοις</w> <w lemma="proxeiri%2Fsasqai">προχειρίσασθαι</w> <w lemma="trei%3Ds">τρεῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dou%3Dnai">δοῦναι</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="draxmw%3Dn">δραχμῶν</w> <w lemma="dekate%2Fttaras">δεκατέτταρας</w> <w lemma="muria%2Fdas">μυριάδας</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntas">λαβόντας</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%2Fsai">παρασκευάσαι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xrei%2Fan">χρείαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pith%2Fdeia">ἐπιτήδεια</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Asinwpeu%3Dsin">Σινωπεῦσιν</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katastaqe%2Fntes">κατασταθέντες</w> <w lemma="h%28toi%2Fmasan">ἡτοίμασαν</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fnou">οἴνου</w> <w lemma="kera%2Fmia">κεράμια</w> <w lemma="mu%2Fria">μύρια</w>, <w lemma="trixo%5Cs">τριχὸς</w> <w lemma="ei%29rgasme%2Fnhs">εἰργασμένης</w> <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w> <w lemma="triako%2Fsia">τριακόσια</w>, <w lemma="neu%2Frwn">νεύρων</w> <w lemma="ei%29rgasme%2Fnwn">εἰργασμένων</w> <w lemma="e%28kato%5Cn">ἑκατὸν</w> <w lemma="ta%2Flanta">τάλαντα</w>, <w lemma="panopli%2Fas">πανοπλίας</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fas">χιλίας</w>, <w lemma="xrusou%3Ds">χρυσοῦς</w> <w lemma="e%29pish%2Fmous">ἐπισήμους</w> <w lemma="trisxili%2Fous">τρισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="liqofo%2Frous">λιθοφόρους</w> <w lemma="te%2Fttaras">τέτταρας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29fe%2Ftas">ἀφέτας</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%5C">ἃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="labo%2Fntes">λαβόντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Asinwpe%2Fwn">Σινωπέων</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbeis">πρέσβεις</w> <w lemma="e%29panh%3Dlqon">ἐπανῆλθον</w>. <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Asinwpei%3Ds">Σινωπεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwni%2Fa%7C">ἀγωνίᾳ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="sfa%3Ds">σφᾶς</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Amiqrida%2Fths">Μιθριδάτης</w> <w lemma="e%29gxeirh%2Fsh%7C">ἐγχειρήσῃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="gh%3Dn">γῆν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan:">θάλατταν·</w> <w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="paraskeua%5Cs">παρασκευὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w>.
<w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Asinw%2Fph">Σινώπη</w> <w lemma="kei%3Dtai">κεῖται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="decioi%3Ds">δεξιοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%2Fresi">μέρεσι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fntou">Πόντου</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%3Dsin">Φᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="plou%3Dn">πλοῦν</w>, <w lemma="oi%29kei%3Dtai">οἰκεῖται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2F">ἐπί</w> <w lemma="tinos">τινος</w> <w lemma="xerronh%2Fsou">χερρονήσου</w> <w lemma="proteinou%2Fshs">προτεινούσης</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>, <w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29xe%2Fna">αὐχένα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptonta">συνάπτοντα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fs">ὅς</w> <w lemma="e%29stin">ἐστιν</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="duei%3Dn">δυεῖν</w> <w lemma="stadi%2Fwn">σταδίων</w>, <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flis">πόλις</w> <w lemma="e%29pikeime%2Fnh">ἐπικειμένη</w> <w lemma="diaklei%2Fei">διακλείει</w> <w lemma="kuri%2Fws:">κυρίως·</w>
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xerronh%2Fsou">χερρονήσου</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fkeitai">πρόκειται</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Flagos">πέλαγος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpedon">ἐπίπεδον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="paneue%2Ffodon">πανευέφοδον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>, <w lemma="ku%2Fklw%7C">κύκλῳ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Ftomon">ἀπότομον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dusproso%2Frmiston">δυσπροσόρμιστον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pantelw%3Ds">παντελῶς</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgas">ὀλίγας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxon">ἔχον</w> <w lemma="prosba%2Fseis">προσβάσεις</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="a%29gwniw%3Dntes">ἀγωνιῶντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Asinwpei%3Ds">Σινωπεῖς</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fpote">μήποτε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fas">Ἀσίας</w> <w lemma="pleura%5Cn">πλευρὰν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Amiqrida%2Fths">Μιθριδάτης</w> <w lemma="susthsa%2Fmenos">συστησάμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frga">ἔργα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fnanti">ἀπέναντι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenos">ποιησάμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Fbasin">ἀπόβασιν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28malou%5Cs">ὁμαλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28perkeime%2Fnous">ὑπερκειμένους</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>, <w lemma="e%29gxeirh%2Fsh%7C">ἐγχειρήσῃ</w> <w lemma="poliorkei%3Dn">πολιορκεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs">αὐτούς</w>,
<w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="xerronh%2Fsou">χερρονήσου</w> <w lemma="ku%2Fklw%7C">κύκλῳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="nhsi%2Fzon">νησίζον</w> <w lemma="o%29xurou%3Dn">ὀχυροῦν</w>, <w lemma="a%29postaurou%3Dntes">ἀποσταυροῦντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="perixarakou%3Dntes">περιχαρακοῦντες</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="qala%2Ftths">θαλάττης</w> <w lemma="prosba%2Fseis">προσβάσεις</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="be%2Flh">βέλη</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="stratiw%2Ftas">στρατιώτας</w> <w lemma="tiqe%2Fntes">τιθέντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="eu%29kai%2Frous">εὐκαίρους</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn:">τόπων·</w>
<w lemma="e%29%2Fsti">ἔστι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dn">πᾶν</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgeqos">μέγεθος</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%2F">πολύ</w>, <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="eu%29katakra%2Fthton">εὐκατακράτητον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="me%2Ftrion">μέτριον</w>.
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<head>Raid of Aetolians In the Peloponnese</head>About the same time Mithridates also declared war<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note113">Mithridates IV., king of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pontus&groupId=910&placeId=1634">Pontus</a>, declares war against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sinope&groupId=978&placeId=1730">Sinope</a>.</note>against the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sinope&groupId=978&placeId=1730">Sinope</a>; which proved to be the beginning and occasion of the disaster which ultimately befell the Sinopeans. Upon their sending an embassy with a view to this war to beg for assistance from the Rhodians, the latter decided to elect three men, and to grant them a hundred and forty thousand drachmae with which to procure supplies needed by the Sinopeans. The men so appointed got ready ten thousand jars of wine, three hundred talents<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note114">As a measure of weight a talent = about 57 lbs. avoirdupois. The prepared hair was for making ropes and bowstrings apparently.</note>of prepared hair, a hundred talents of made-up bowstring, a thousand suits of armour, three thousand gold pieces, and four catapults with engineers to work them. The Sinopean envoys took these presents and departed; for the people of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sinope&groupId=978&placeId=1730">Sinope</a>, being in great anxiety lest Mithridates should attempt to besiege them both by land and sea, were making all manner of preparations with this view. <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sinope&groupId=978&placeId=1730">Sinope</a> lies on the right-hand shore of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pontus&groupId=910&placeId=1634">Pontus</a> as one sails to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Phasis&groupId=882&placeId=1590">Phasis</a>, and is built upon a peninsula jutting out into the sea: it is on the neck of this peninsula, connecting it with Asia, which is not more than two stades wide, that the city is so placed as to entirely close<pb n="329" />it up from sea to sea; the rest of the peninsula stretches out into the open sea,—a piece of flat land from which the town is easily accessible, but surrounded by a steep coast offering very bad harbourage, and having exceedingly few spots admitting of disembarkation. The Sinopeans then were dreadfully alarmed lest Mithridates should blockade them, by throwing up works against their town on the side towards Asia, and by making a descent on the opposite side upon the low ground in front of the town: and they accordingly determined to strengthen the line of the peninsula, where it was washed by the sea, by putting up wooden defences and erecting palisades round the places accessible from the sea; and at the same time by storing weapons and stationing guards at all points open to attack: for the whole area is not large, but is capable of being easily defended and by a moderate force.Such was the situation at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sinope&groupId=978&placeId=1730">Sinope</a> at the time of the commencement of the Social war,—to which I must now return.
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Walbank Commentary