<w lemma="%2Atau%3Dta">Ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pra%2Ftteto">ἐπράττετο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w>, <w lemma="gegonw%5Cs">γεγονὼς</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nto%5Cs">ἐντὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fibhros">Ἴβηρος</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w>, <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmh%5Cn">ὁρμὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Azakanqai%2Fwn">Ζακανθαίων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Ftas">πρώτας</w> <w lemma="e%29pibola%5Cs">ἐπιβολὰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbou">Ἀννίβου</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellhnikai%3Ds">Ἑλληνικαῖς</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcesin">πράξεσιν</w> <w lemma="a%29p%27">ἀπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="e%29pipeple%2Fxqai">ἐπιπεπλέχθαι</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w>, <w lemma="dh%3Dlon">δῆλον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="prote%2Fra%7C">προτέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblw%7C">βύβλῳ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="e%29nalla%5Cc">ἐναλλὰξ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="para%2Fqesin">παράθεσιν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhrikoi%3Ds">Ἰβηρικοῖς</w> <w lemma="pepoih%3Dsqai">πεποιῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin">ἐξήγησιν</w>, <w lemma="a%29kolouqou%3Dntas">ἀκολουθοῦντας</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds:">καιροῖς·</w>
<w lemma="e%29pei%5C">ἐπεὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ta%2F">τά</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmwn">πολέμων</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fas">ἰδίας</w> <w lemma="ei%29lh%2Ffei">εἰλήφει</w>, <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="suntelei%2Fas">συντελείας</w> <w lemma="koina%2Fs">κοινάς</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29ch%2Fghsin">ἐξήγησιν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kri%2Fnamen">ἐκρίναμεν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cn">καιρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flqwmen">ἔλθωμεν</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dton">τοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="w%28%3D%7C">ᾧ</w> <w lemma="sunepla%2Fkhsan">συνεπλάκησαν</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnai">προειρημέναι</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="a%29llh%2Flais">ἀλλήλαις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%28%5Cn">ἓν</w> <w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Frcanto">ἤρξαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29nafora%5Cn">ἀναφορὰν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> —
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%28%2F">ἥ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxa%5Cs">ἀρχὰς</w> <w lemma="e%28ka%2Fstwn">ἑκάστων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsis">διήγησις</w> <w lemma="safh%5Cs">σαφὴς</w> <w lemma="h%28%2F">ἥ</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="sumplokh%5C">συμπλοκὴ</w> <w lemma="katafanh%2Fs">καταφανής</w>, <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Ds">ἧς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxai%3Ds">ἀρχαῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29nedeica%2Fmeqa">ἐνεδειξάμεθα</w>, <w lemma="paradei%2Fcantes">παραδείξαντες</w> <w lemma="po%2Fte">πότε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pw%3Ds">πῶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w> <w lemma="ge%2Fgone">γέγονε</w> — <w lemma="loipo%5Cn">λοιπὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="koinh%5Cn">κοινὴν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsasqai">ποιήσασθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29ge%2Fneto">ἐγένετο</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="sumplokh%5C">συμπλοκὴ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fcewn">πράξεων</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w> <w lemma="sunte%2Fleian">συντέλειαν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="tri%2Fton">τρίτον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftos">ἔτος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%28katosth%3Ds">ἑκατοστῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tettarakosth%3Ds">τετταρακοστῆς</w> <w lemma="o%29lumpia%2Fdos">ὀλυμπιάδος</w>. <w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29kolouqou%3Dntes">ἀκολουθοῦντες</w> <w lemma="e%29chghso%2Fmeqa">ἐξηγησόμεθα</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w>,
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dpa">εἶπα</w>, <w lemma="prosanamimnh%2Fskontes">προσαναμιμνήσκοντες</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="prote%2Fra%7C">προτέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="bu%2Fblw%7C">βύβλῳ</w> <w lemma="dedhlwme%2Fnwn">δεδηλωμένων</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="eu%29parakolou%2Fqhtos">εὐπαρακολούθητος</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kataplhktikh%5C">καταπληκτικὴ</w> <w lemma="gi%2Fnhtai">γίνηται</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="prose%2Fxousin">προσέχουσιν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsis">διήγησις</w>.
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<head>The Wars in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, Greece, and Asia Become Interlaced</head>These transactions were contemporaneous with Hannibal's expedition against <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Saguntum&groupId=938&placeId=1673">Saguntum</a>, after his conquest of all Iberia south of the Iber. Now, had the first attempts of Hannibal been from the beginning involved with the transactions in Greece, it would have been plainly my proper course to have narrated the latter side by side with those in Iberia in my previous book, with an eye solely to dates. But seeing that the wars in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, Greece, and Asia were at their commencements entirely distinct, and yet became finally involved with each other, I decided that my history of them must also be distinct, until I came to the point at which they became inseparably interlaced, and began to tend towards a common conclusion. Thus both will be made clear,—the account of their several commencements: and the time, manner, and causes which led to the complication and amalgamation, of which I spoke in my introduction. This point having been reached, I must thenceforth embrace them all in one uninterrupted narrative. This amalgamation began towards the end of the war, in the third year of the 140th Olympiad. From that year, therefore, my history will, with a due regard to dates, become a general one.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note63">B.C. 118.</note>Before that year it must be divided into distinct narratives, with a mere recapitulation in each case of the events detailed in the preceding book, introduced for the sake of facilitating the comprehension, and rousing the admiration, of my readers.
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Walbank Commentary