<w lemma="kalli%2Fsthn">καλλίστην</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fstasin">ὑπόστασιν</w> <w lemma="u%28polamba%2Fnontes">ὑπολαμβάνοντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ara%2Ftou">Ἀράτου</w> <w lemma="su%2Fntacin">σύνταξιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="katastre%2Ffein">καταστρέφειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptontes">συνάπτοντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="dih%2Fghsin">διήγησιν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29ko%2Flouqon">ἀκόλουθον</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="a%29podido%2Fnai">ἀποδιδόναι</w> <w lemma="proh%7Crh%2Fmeqa">προῃρήμεθα</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgon">λόγον</w>,
<w lemma="deu%2Fteron">δεύτερον</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnous">χρόνους</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="suntre%2Fxein">συντρέχειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pi%2Fptontas">πίπτοντας</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28mete%2Fran">ἡμετέραν</w> <w lemma="i%28stori%2Fan">ἱστορίαν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pate%2Fras">πατέρας</w> <w lemma="h%28mw%3Dn:">ἡμῶν·</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnei">συμβαίνει</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28ma%3Ds">ἡμᾶς</w> <w lemma="paragegone%2Fnai">παραγεγονέναι</w>, <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%28wrako%2Ftwn">ἑωρακότων</w> <w lemma="a%29khkoe%2Fnai">ἀκηκοέναι</w>.
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29nwte%2Frw">ἀνωτέρω</w> <w lemma="proslamba%2Fnein">προσλαμβάνειν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnois">χρόνοις</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29koh%5Cn">ἀκοὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29c">ἐξ</w> <w lemma="a%29koh%3Ds">ἀκοῆς</w> <w lemma="gra%2Ffein">γράφειν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29fai%2Fneq%27">ἐφαίνεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%3Dn">ἡμῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%3Ds">ἀσφαλεῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dialh%2Fyeis">διαλήψεις</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fte">οὔτε</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pofa%2Fseis">ἀποφάσεις</w>.
<w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="h%29rca%2Fmeqa">ἠρξάμεθα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhn">τύχην</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="kekainopoihke%2Fnai">κεκαινοποιηκέναι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnta">πάντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="oi%29koume%2Fnhn">οἰκουμένην</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnois">προειρημένοις</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w>.
<w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmhtri%2Fou">Δημητρίου</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin">φύσιν</w> <w lemma="ui%28o%5Cs">υἱὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="pai%3Ds">παῖς</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frti">ἄρτι</w> <w lemma="parela%2Fmbane">παρελάμβανε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnwn">Μακεδόνων</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn:">ἀρχήν·</w>
<w lemma="%2A%29axaio%5Cs">Ἀχαιὸς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%2Fde">τάδε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Atau%2Frou">Ταύρου</w> <w lemma="dunasteu%2Fwn">δυναστεύων</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="prostasi%2Fan">προστασίαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxe">εἶχε</w> <w lemma="basilikh%2Fn">βασιλικήν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin:">δύναμιν·</w>
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Ame%2Fgas">Μέγας</w> <w lemma="e%29piklhqei%5Cs">ἐπικληθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="mikroi%3Ds">μικροῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nw%2Fteron">ἀνώτερον</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnois">χρόνοις</w>, <w lemma="ta%29delfou%3D">τἀδελφοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Aseleu%2Fkou">Σελεύκου</w> <w lemma="methllaxo%2Ftos">μετηλλαχότος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="komidh%3D%7C">κομιδῇ</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fos">νέος</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fa%7C">Συρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="diede%2Fdekto">διεδέδεκτο</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w>.
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ariara%2Fqhs">Ἀριαράθης</w> <w lemma="pare%2Flabe">παρέλαβε</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Akappadokw%3Dn">Καππαδοκῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>. <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Afilopa%2Ftwr">Φιλοπάτωρ</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="kairoi%3Ds">καιροῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29%2Fgupton">Αἴγυπτον</w> <w lemma="e%29gego%2Fnei">ἐγεγόνει</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w>.
<w lemma="%2Alukou%3Drgos">Λυκοῦργος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="katesta%2Fqh">κατεστάθη</w> <w lemma="basileu%2Fs">βασιλεύς</w>. <w lemma="h%28%2F%7Crhnto">ᾕρηντο</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="prosfa%2Ftws">προσφάτως</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnas">προειρημένας</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w>.
<w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Fths">τοιαύτης</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fas">δυναστείας</w> <w lemma="kainopoii%2Fas">καινοποιίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fmelle">ἔμελλε</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fsesqai">ἔσεσθαι</w> <w lemma="kainw%3Dn">καινῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2F">ἀρχή</w>. <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Ffuke">πέφυκε</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="filei%3D">φιλεῖ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnein">συμβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="fu%2Fsin:">φύσιν·</w> <w lemma="o%28%5C">ὃ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w>.
<w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdo%2Fnioi">Καρχηδόνιοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnon">προειρημένον</w> <w lemma="e%29nesth%2Fsanto">ἐνεστήσαντο</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29anti%2Foxos">Ἀντίοχος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aptolemai%3Dos">Πτολεμαῖος</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi%2Flhs">Κοίλης</w> <w lemma="%2Asuri%2Fas">Συρίας</w>, <w lemma="%2A%29axaioi%5C">Ἀχαιοὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous:">Λακεδαιμονίους·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fas">αἰτίας</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w>.
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<head>Why Begin With This Period of History</head>I thought this was the best point; first, because it is there<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note4">Reasons for starting from this point. (1.) The fact that the history of Aratus ends at that point. (2.) The possibility of getting good evidence. (3.) The changes in the various governments in the 139th Olympiad. B. C. 224-220</note>that Aratus leaves off, and I meant my work, as far as it was Greek history, to be a continuation of his; and, secondly, because the period thus embraced in my history would fall partly in the life of my father, and partly in my own; and thus I should be able to speak as eye-witness of some of the events, and from the information of eye-witnesses of others. To go further back and write the report of a report, traditions at second or third hand, seemed to me unsatisfactory either with a view to giving clear impressions or making sound statements.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note5">Philip, son of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a>;</note>But, above all, I began at this period because it was then that the history of the whole world entered on a new phase. Demetrius, had just become the boy king Achaeus, prince of Asia on this side of Taurus, had converted his show of power into a reality; Antiochus the Great had, a short time before, by the death of his brother Seleucus, succeeded while quite a young man to the throne of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Syria&groupId=995&placeId=502">Syria</a>; Ariarathes to that of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Cappadocia&groupId=435&placeId=343">Cappadocia</a>; and Ptolemy Philopator to that of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Egypt&groupId=556&placeId=368">Egypt</a>. Not long afterwards Lycurgus became King of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Sparta&groupId=660&placeId=1208">Sparta</a>, and the Carthaginians had recently elected Hannibal general to carry on the war lately described. Every government therefore being changed about this time, there seemed every likelihood of a new departure in policy: which is but natural and usual, and in fact did at this time occur. For the Romans and Carthaginians entered upon the war I have described; Antiochus and Ptolemy on one for the possession of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Coele-Syria&groupId=484&placeId=908">Coele-Syria</a>; and the Achaeans and Philip one against the Aetolians and Lacedaemonians. The causes of this last war must now be stated.
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Walbank Commentary