Polybius, Histories

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Book 4 - Chapter 16

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<w lemma="%2Aoi%28">Οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29hpeirw%3Dtai">Ἠπειρῶται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afi%2Flippos">Φίλιππος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="basileu%5Cs">βασιλεὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsantes">ἀκούσαντες</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbewn">πρέσβεων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fous">Μεσσηνίους</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fan">συμμαχίαν</w> <w lemma="prose%2Flabon">προσέλαβον</w>,
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<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlw%3Dn">Αἰτωλῶν</w> <w lemma="pepragme%2Fnois">πεπραγμένοις</w> <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29gana%2Fkthsan">ἠγανάκτησαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w> <w lemma="e%29qau%2Fmasan">ἐθαύμασαν</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="para%2Fdocon">παράδοξον</w>, <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ei%29qisme%2Fnwn">εἰθισμένων</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="pepoihke%2Fnai">πεποιηκέναι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%2Fs">Αἰτωλούς</w>.
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<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="w%29rgi%2Fsqhsan">ὠργίσθησαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Don">πλεῖον</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29yhfi%2Fsanto">ἐψηφίσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29rh%2Fnhn">εἰρήνην</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%2Fs:">αὐτούς·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%2Ftws">οὕτως</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="sunexh%5Cs">συνεχὴς</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fa">ἀδικία</w> <w lemma="suggnw%2Fmhs">συγγνώμης</w> <w lemma="tugxa%2Fnei">τυγχάνει</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="spani%2Fou">σπανίου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcou">παραδόξου</w> <w lemma="ponhri%2Fas">πονηρίας</w>.
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<w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%5C">Αἰτωλοὶ</w> <w lemma="gou%3Dn">γοῦν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="xrw%2Fmenoi">χρώμενοι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="lh%7Csteu%2Fontes">λῃστεύοντες</w> <w lemma="sunexw%3Ds">συνεχῶς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ella%2Fda">Ἑλλάδα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmous">πολέμους</w> <w lemma="a%29nepagge%2Fltous">ἀνεπαγγέλτους</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frontes">φέροντες</w> <w lemma="polloi%3Ds">πολλοῖς</w>, <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pologi%2Fas">ἀπολογίας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="kathci%2Foun">κατηξίουν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29gkalou%3Dntas">ἐγκαλοῦντας</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="prosexleu%2Fazon">προσεχλεύαζον</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="dikaiodosi%2Fas">δικαιοδοσίας</w> <w lemma="prokaloi%3Dto">προκαλοῖτο</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nh%5C">νὴ</w> <w lemma="%2Adi%2Fa">Δία</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="mello%2Fntwn">μελλόντων</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimo%2Fnioi">Λακεδαιμόνιοι</w>, <w lemma="prosfa%2Ftws">προσφάτως</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29leuqerwme%2Fnoi">ἠλευθερωμένοι</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29antigo%2Fnou">Ἀντιγόνου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axaiw%3Dn">Ἀχαιῶν</w> <w lemma="filotimi%2Fas">φιλοτιμίας</w>, <w lemma="o%29fei%2Flontes">ὀφείλοντες</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fsi">Μακεδόσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afili%2Fppw%7C">Φιλίππῳ</w> <w lemma="mhde%5Cn">μηδὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fon">ὑπεναντίον</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w>, <w lemma="diapemya%2Fmenoi">διαπεμψάμενοι</w> <w lemma="la%2Fqra%7C">λάθρᾳ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29porrh%2Ftwn">ἀπορρήτων</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fqento">ἔθεντο</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="summaxi%2Fan">συμμαχίαν</w>.
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<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fhdh">Ἤδη</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29pilelegme%2Fnwn">ἐπιλελεγμένων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axai+kw%3Dn">Ἀχαϊκῶν</w> <w lemma="neani%2Fskwn">νεανίσκων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="suntetagme%2Fnwn">συντεταγμένων</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas">βοηθείας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Amesshni%2Fwn">Μεσσηνίων</w>, <w lemma="%2Askerdilai+%2Fdas">Σκερδιλαΐδας</w> <w lemma="o%28mou%3D">ὁμοῦ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrios">Δημήτριος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Frios">Φάριος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fpleusan">ἔπλευσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fdos">Ἰλλυρίδος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29nenh%2Fkonta">ἐνενήκοντα</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbois">λέμβοις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcw">ἔξω</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Ali%2Fssou">Λίσσου</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w>.
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<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="prw%3Dton">πρῶτον</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2Apu%2Flw%7C">Πύλῳ</w> <w lemma="prosmi%2Fcantes">προσμίξαντες</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="prosbola%5Cs">προσβολὰς</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fpeson:">ἀπέπεσον·</w>
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<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="%2Adhmh%2Ftrios">Δημήτριος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxwn">ἔχων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="penth%2Fkonta">πεντήκοντα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbwn">λέμβων</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Frmhsen">ὥρμησεν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="nh%2Fswn">νήσων</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="periple%2Fwn">περιπλέων</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="h%29rgurolo%2Fgei">ἠργυρολόγει</w>, <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqei">ἐπόρθει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akukla%2Fdwn:">Κυκλάδων·</w>
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<w lemma="%2Askerdilai+%2Fdas">Σκερδιλαΐδας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="plou%3Dn">πλοῦν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%29%2Fkou">οἴκου</w> <w lemma="prosei%3Dxe">προσεῖχε</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Anau%2Fpakton">Ναύπακτον</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tettara%2Fkonta">τετταράκοντα</w> <w lemma="le%2Fmbwn">λέμβων</w>, <w lemma="peisqei%5Cs">πεισθεὶς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29amuna%3D%7C">Ἀμυνᾷ</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="basilei%3D">βασιλεῖ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqama%2Fnwn">Ἀθαμάνων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%5Cs">ὃς</w> <w lemma="e%29tu%2Fgxane">ἐτύγχανε</w> <w lemma="khdesth%5Cs">κηδεστὴς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxwn">ὑπάρχων</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w>.
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<w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenos">ποιησάμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunqh%2Fkas">συνθήκας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="di%27">δι᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29agela%2Fou">Ἀγελάου</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="merismou%3D">μερισμοῦ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="lafu%2Frwn">λαφύρων</w>, <w lemma="u%28pe%2Fsxeto">ὑπέσχετο</w> <w lemma="sunembalei%3Dn">συνεμβαλεῖν</w> <w lemma="o%28mo%2Fse">ὁμόσε</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twloi%3Ds">Αἰτωλοῖς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29axai+%2Fan">Ἀχαΐαν</w>.
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<w lemma="sunqe%2Fmenoi">συνθέμενοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Askerdilai+%2Fdan">Σκερδιλαΐδαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29age%2Flaon">Ἀγέλαον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Adwri%2Fmaxon">Δωρίμαχον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Asko%2Fpan">Σκόπαν</w>, <w lemma="prattome%2Fnhs">πραττομένης</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akunaiqe%2Fwn">Κυναιθέων</w> <w lemma="po%2Flews">πόλεως</w>, <w lemma="sunaqroi%2Fsantes">συναθροίσαντες</w> <w lemma="pandhmei%5C">πανδημεὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aai%29twlou%5Cs">Αἰτωλοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fbalon">ἐνέβαλον</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w>
<head>The Aetolians and Illyrians Invade Achaia</head>The Epirotes and King Philip on hearing the ambassadors consented to admit the Messenians to alliance; but though the conduct of the Aetolians caused them momentary indignation, they were not excessively moved by it, because it was no more than what the Aetolians habitually did. Their anger, therefore, was short-lived, and they presently voted against going to war with them. So true is it that an habitual course of wrong-doing finds readier pardon than when it is spasmodic or isolated. The former, at any rate, was the case with the Aetolians: they perpetually plundered Greece, and levied unprovoked war upon many of its people: they did not deign either to make any defence to those who complained, but answered only by additional insults if any one challenged them to arbitration for injuries which they had inflicted, or indeed which they meditated inflicting.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note33">Treachery of the Spartans.</note>And yet the Lacedaemonians, who had but recently been liberated by means of Antigonus and the generous zeal of the Achaeans, and though they were bound not to commit any act of hostility towards the Macedonians and Philip, sent<pb n="292" />clandestine messages to the Aetolians, and arranged a secret treaty of alliance and friendship with them.The army had already been enrolled from the Achaeans of<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note34">Invasion of Achaia by the Aetolians and Illyrians.</note>military age, and had been assigned to the duty of assisting the Lacedaemonians and Messenians, when <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Scerdilaidas&groupId=953&placeId=1692">Scerdilaidas</a> and Demetrius of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Pharos&groupId=879&placeId=1586">Pharos</a> sailed with ninety galleys beyond Lissus, contrary to the terms of their treaty with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. These men first touched at Pylos, and failing in an attack upon it, they separated: Demetrius making for the Cyclades, from some of which he exacted money and plundered others; while <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Scerdilaidas&groupId=953&placeId=1692">Scerdilaidas</a>, directing his course homewards, put in at Naupactus with forty galleys at the instigation of Amynas, king of the Athamanes, who happened to be his brother-in-law; and after making an agreement with the Aetolians, by the agency of Agelaus, for a division of spoils, he promised to join them in their invasion of Achaia. With this agreement made with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Scerdilaidas&groupId=953&placeId=1692">Scerdilaidas</a>, and with the co-operation of the city of Cynaetha, Agelaus, Dorimachus, and Scopas, collected a general levy of the Aetolians, and invaded Achaia in conjunction with the Illyrians.