<w lemma="%2A%29aleca%2Fndrou">Ἀλεξάνδρου</w>. <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="braxei%3D">βραχεῖ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnw%7C">χρόνῳ</w> <w lemma="tuxo%2Fntes">τυχόντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pikouri%2Fas">ἐπικουρίας</w> <w lemma="tino%5Cs">τινὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="w%29%2F%7Ckoun">ᾤκουν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29sfalei%2Fas">ἀσφαλείας</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fleos">ἔλεος</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mikro%5Cn">μικρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fxeiro%2Fn">ἐπίχειρόν</w> <w lemma="e%29sti">ἐστι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29di%2Fkws">ἀδίκως</w> <w lemma="a%29klhrou%3Dsin">ἀκληροῦσιν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29%2F">εἴ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="i%29dei%3Dn">ἰδεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstin">ἔστιν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pollw%3Dn">πολλῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28rmai%3Ds">ὁρμαῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhn">τύχην</w> <w lemma="metaballome%2Fnhn">μεταβαλλομένην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kratou%3Dntas">κρατοῦντας</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="metamelome%2Fnous">μεταμελομένους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diorqoume%2Fnous">διορθουμένους</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgws">παραλόγως</w> <w lemma="h%29tuxhko%2Ftwn">ἠτυχηκότων</w> <w lemma="peripetei%2Fas">περιπετείας</w>.
<w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pei%2Fqonto">ἐπείθοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%2F">κατά</w> <w lemma="tinas">τινας</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Axalkidei%3Ds">Χαλκιδεῖς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Akori%2Fnqioi">Κορίνθιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="tines">τινες</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fterai">ἕτεραι</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> <w lemma="eu%29fui+%2Fan">εὐφυΐαν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fa%7C">Μακεδονίᾳ</w> <w lemma="basileu%3Dsi">βασιλεῦσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="froura%5Cs">φρουρὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dxon:">εἶχον·</w>
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="douleu%2Fontas">δουλεύοντας</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29spou%2Fdazon">ἐσπούδαζον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnamin">δύναμιν</w> <w lemma="e%29leuqerou%3Dn">ἐλευθεροῦν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katadoulwsame%2Fnous">καταδουλωσαμένους</w> <w lemma="e%29mi%2Fsoun">ἐμίσουν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="h%28gou%3Dnto">ἡγοῦντο</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Flous">τέλους</w>.
<w lemma="kaqo%2Flou">καθόλου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fptaion">ἔπταιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29sfa%2Fllonto">ἐσφάλλοντο</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpan">ἐπίπαν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtou%3Dntes">ἀμφισβητοῦντες</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="mona%2Frxwn">μονάρχων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="basile%2Fwn">βασιλέων</w> <w lemma="paraspondou%2Fmenoi:">παρασπονδούμενοι·</w>
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="spani%2Fous">σπανίους</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="eu%28%2Frois">εὕροις</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="h%29kolou%2Fqei">ἠκολούθει</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29klhrou%2Fntwn">ἀκληρούντων</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fas">ἀτυχίας</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fnoma">ὄνομα</w> <w lemma="die%2Fmenen:">διέμενεν·</w>
<w lemma="a%29klhrei%3Dn">ἀκληρεῖν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fpantas">ἅπαντας</w> <w lemma="h%28ghte%2Fon">ἡγητέον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="koinh%3D%7C">κοινῇ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="paralo%2Fgois">παραλόγοις</w> <w lemma="sumforai%3Ds">συμφοραῖς</w> <w lemma="peripi%2Fptontas">περιπίπτοντας</w>, <w lemma="a%29tuxei%3Dn">ἀτυχεῖν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnous">μόνους</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="oi%28%3Ds">οἷς</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29bouli%2Fan">ἀβουλίαν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="ai%28">αἱ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="e%29pife%2Frousi">ἐπιφέρουσι</w>.
<w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28pokeime%2Fnous">ὑποκειμένους</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="h%29tu%2Fxhsan">ἠτύχησαν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="%2Apeloponnh%2Fsioi">Πελοποννήσιοι</w>, <w lemma="%2Aboiwtoi%2F">Βοιωτοί</w>, <w lemma="%2Afwkei%3Ds">Φωκεῖς</w>, <gap /><w lemma="ei%3Ds">εῖς</w>, <w lemma="%2Alokroi%2F">Λοκροί</w>, <w lemma="tine%5Cs">τινὲς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29io%2Fnion">Ἰόνιον</w> <w lemma="katoikou%2Fntwn">κατοικούντων</w> <w lemma="ko%2Flpon">κόλπον</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnes:">Μακεδόνες·</w>
<w lemma=""></w> <gap /><w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <gap /><w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <gap /><w lemma="e%29pi%2Fpan">ἐπίπαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="h%29klh%2Frhsan">ἠκλήρησαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29tu%2Fxhsan">ἠτύχησαν</w> <w lemma="a%29tuxi%2Fan">ἀτυχίαν</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxra%5Cn">αἰσχρὰν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fni">ἔνι</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="e%29ponei%2Fdiston:">ἐπονείδιστον·</w>
<w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="a%29pisti%2Fan">ἀπιστίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29nandri%2Fan">ἀνανδρίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdeican">ἔδειξαν</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fceis">πράξεις</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%2Fnegkan">ἐπήνεγκαν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29t">ἀτ</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <gap /><w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w>. <w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="sterhqe%2Fntes">στερηθέντες</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntwn">πάντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kalw%3Dn">καλῶν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="ste%2F">στέ</w> <gap />, <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="d">δ</w> <gap /><w lemma="ntes">ντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="parede%2Fcanto">παρεδέξαντο</w> <w lemma="r%28a%2Fbdous">ῥάβδους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pele%2Fkeis">πελέκεις</w> <w lemma="e%29qelo">ἐθελο</w> <gap /><w lemma=":">·</w>
<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flw%7C">μεγάλῳ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbw%7C">φόβῳ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28perbolh%5Cn">ὑπερβολὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn">ἰδίων</w> <w lemma="a%28marthma%2Ftwn">ἁμαρτημάτων</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dsan">ἦσαν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="xr">χρ</w>
<w lemma="h%5C">ὴ</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fwn:">ἰδίων·</w> <w lemma="e%29gw%5C">ἐγὼ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29gnohke%2Fnai">ἠγνοηκέναι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="fai%2Fhn">φαίην</w> <w lemma="a%29%5Cn">ἂν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="pollou%5Cs">πολλοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="parapepaike%2Fnai">παραπεπαικέναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="kaqh%2Fkontos">καθήκοντος</w>, <w lemma="h%28marthke%2Fnai">ἡμαρτηκέναι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ai%29ti%2Fous">αἰτίους</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftas">γεγονότας</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fas">ἀγνοίας</w>.
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<head>Consummation of the Misfortunes of Greece</head>My thirty-eighth book embraces the consummation of the misfortunes of Greece. For<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note9">The ill-luck which occasioned the fall of Greece.</note>though Greece as a whole, as well as separate<pb n="516" />parts of it, has on several occasions sustained grave disasters, yet to none of her previous defeats could the word "misfortune" be more properly applied, than to those which have befallen her in our time. For it is not only that the<emph>sufferings</emph>of Greece excite compassion: stronger still is the conviction, which a knowledge of the truth of the several occurrences must bring, that in all she undertook she was supremely unfortunate.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note10">The fall of Greece was even more lamentable than that of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>.</note>At any rate, though the disaster of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> is looked upon as of the severest kind, yet one cannot but regard that of Greece as not less, and in some respects even more so. For the Carthaginians at any rate left something for posterity to say on their behalf; but the mistakes of the Greeks were so glaring that they made it impossible for those who wished to support them to do so. Besides, the destruction of the Carthaginians was immediate and total, so that they had no feeling afterwards of their disasters: but the Greeks, with their misfortunes ever before their eyes, handed down to their children's children the loss of all that once was theirs. And in proportion as we regard those who live in pain as more pitiable than those who lose their lives at the moment of their misfortunes, in that proportion must the disasters of the Greeks be regarded as more pitiable than those of the Carthaginians,—unless a man thinks nothing of dignity and honour, and gives his opinion from a regard only to material advantage. To prove the truth of what I say, one has only to remember and compare the misfortunes in Greece reputed to be the heaviest with what I have just now mentioned.
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Walbank Commentary