<w lemma="%2Ame%2Fgiston">Μέγιστον</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxh">τύχη</w> <w lemma="dokei%3D">δοκεῖ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbon">φόβον</w> <w lemma="e%29pisth%3Dsai">ἐπιστῆσαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Ace%2Frcou">Ξέρξου</w> <w lemma="dia%2Fbasin">διάβασιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Aeu%29rw%2Fphn:">Εὐρώπην·</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29kindu%2Fneusan">ἐκινδύνευσαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w>,
<w lemma="e%29%2Fptaisan">ἔπταισαν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tele%2Fws">τελέως</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgistoi">ὀλίγιστοι</w>, <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%3Doi:">Ἀθηναῖοι·</w>
<w lemma="proi+do%2Fmenoi">προϊδόμενοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29mfro%2Fnws">ἐμφρόνως</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fllon">μέλλον</w> <w lemma="e%29ce%2Flipon">ἐξέλιπον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="te%2Fknwn">τέκνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="gunaikw%3Dn">γυναικῶν</w>.
<w lemma="bla%2Fbhn">βλάβην</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="kairo%5Cs">καιρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29ph%2Fnegke:">ἐπήνεγκε·</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frioi">κύριοι</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="genhqe%2Fntes">γενηθέντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frbaroi">βάρβαροι</w> <w lemma="pikrw%3Ds">πικρῶς</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiran">διέφθειραν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqh%2Fnas:">Ἀθήνας·</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fneidos">ὄνειδος</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxu%2Fnhn">αἰσχύνην</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29nanti%2Fon">ἐναντίον</w> <w lemma="eu%29%2Fkleian">εὔκλειαν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpois">ἀνθρώποις</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="megi%2Fsthn">μεγίστην</w> <w lemma="a%29phne%2Fgkanto">ἀπηνέγκαντο</w> <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fnt%27">πάντ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="e%29la%2Fttoni">ἐλάττονι</w> <w lemma="qe%2Fmenoi">θέμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3Ds">αὐτῆς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhs">τύχης</w> <w lemma="ei%28%2Flanto">εἵλαντο</w> <w lemma="koinwnei%3Dn">κοινωνεῖν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllois">ἄλλοις</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhsi">Ἕλλησι</w>.
<w lemma="toigarou%3Dn">τοιγαροῦν</w> <w lemma="kalh%3D%7C">καλῇ</w> <w lemma="xrhsa%2Fmenoi">χρησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsei">προαιρέσει</w>, <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29nekth%2Fsanto">ἀνεκτήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllwn">ἄλλων</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fas">ἡγεμονίας</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29li%2Fgon">ὀλίγον</w> <w lemma="h%29mfisbh%2Ftoun">ἠμφισβήτουν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fous">Λακεδαιμονίους</w>.
<w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aspartiatw%3Dn">Σπαρτιατῶν</w> <w lemma="katapolemhqe%2Fntes">καταπολεμηθέντες</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fgkhs">ἀνάγκης</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dlqon">ἦλθον</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="kaqelei%3Dn">καθελεῖν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tei%2Fxh">τείχη</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w>.
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w>, <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="%2A%29aqhnai%2Fwn">Ἀθηναίων</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fn">ἄν</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fseie">φήσειε</w> <w lemma="tou%29%2Fgklhma">τοὔγκλημα</w>, <w lemma="dio%2Fti">διότι</w> <w lemma="baru%2Fteron">βαρύτερον</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsanto">ἐχρήσαντο</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="doqei%2Fsh%7C">δοθείσῃ</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhs">τύχης</w> <w lemma="e%29cousi%2Fa%7C">ἐξουσίᾳ</w>.
<w lemma="%2Aspartia%3Dtai">Σπαρτιᾶται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28tthqe%2Fntes">ἡττηθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fwn">Θηβαίων</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbalon">ἀπέβαλον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28ellh%2Fnwn">Ἑλλήνων</w> <w lemma="h%28gemoni%2Fan">ἡγεμονίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29kto%5Cs">ἐκτὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%3Ds">ἀρχῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29posta%2Fntes">ἀποστάντες</w> <w lemma="suneklei%2Fsqhsan">συνεκλείσθησαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2Alakwnikh%3Ds">Λακωνικῆς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Frous">ὅρους</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="dh%5C">δὴ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxro%2Fn">αἰσχρόν</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kalli%2Fstwn">καλλίστων</w> <w lemma="a%29mfisbhtou%3Dntes">ἀμφισβητοῦντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tosou%3Dton">τοσοῦτον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fptaisan">ἔπταισαν</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Ftrion">πάτριον</w> <w lemma="a%29naxwrh%3Dsai">ἀναχωρῆσαι</w> <w lemma="dunastei%2Fan">δυναστείαν</w>;
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fta">γεγονότα</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sumptw%2Fmata">συμπτώματα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="fate%2Fon">φατέον</w>, <w lemma="a%29tuxh%2Fmata">ἀτυχήματα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ou%29damw%3Ds">οὐδαμῶς</w> <w lemma="r%28hte%2Fon">ῥητέον</w>.
<w lemma="%2Amantinei%3Ds">Μαντινεῖς</w> <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fsqhsan">ἠναγκάσθησαν</w> <w lemma="e%29klipei%3Dn">ἐκλιπεῖν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="dioikisqe%2Fntes">διοικισθέντες</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diaspasqe%2Fntes">διασπασθέντες</w> <w lemma="oi%29kh%3Dsai">οἰκῆσαι</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kw%2Fmas:">κώμας·</w>
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Amantine%2Fwn">Μαντινέων</w> <w lemma="a%29bouli%2Fan">ἀβουλίαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Alakedaimoni%2Fwn">Λακεδαιμονίων</w> <w lemma="w%29nei%2Fdizon">ὠνείδιζον</w>.
<w lemma="%2Aqhbai%3Doi">Θηβαῖοι</w> <w lemma="meta%2F">μετά</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Frdhn">ἄρδην</w> <w lemma="e%29pei%3Ddon">ἐπεῖδον</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fda">πατρίδα</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnhn">γενομένην</w> <w lemma="a%29na%2Fstaton">ἀνάστατον</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fte">ὅτε</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fmenos">προθέμενος</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ale%2Fcandros">Ἀλέξανδρος</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29asi%2Fan">Ἀσίαν</w> <w lemma="diabai%2Fnein">διαβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%2Flabe">ὑπέλαβε</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fous">Θηβαίους</w> <w lemma="timwri%2Fas">τιμωρίας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fbw%7C">φόβῳ</w> <w lemma="frourh%2Fsein">φρουρήσειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28%2Fellhnas">Ἕλληνας</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fous">ἰδίους</w> <w lemma="perispasmou%2Fs:">περισπασμούς·</w>
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntes">πάντες</w> <w lemma="h%29le%2Foun">ἠλέουν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Aqhbai%2Fous">Θηβαίους</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fdika">ἄδικα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="deina%5C">δεινὰ</w> <w lemma="peponqo%2Ftas">πεπονθότας</w>, <w lemma="diedikai%2Fou">διεδικαίου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="pra%3Dcin">πρᾶξιν</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fthn">ταύτην</w> <w lemma="ou%29dei%5Cs">οὐδεὶς</w>
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<head>Misery In Carthage</head>On Gulussa communicating to him what had been said,<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note4">Scipio's scorn of the proposal, B. C. 147</note>Scipio remarked with a laugh: "Oh, then, it was because you intended to make this demand that you displayed that abominable cruelty to our prisoners!<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note5">After the capture of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Megara&groupId=746&placeId=1361">Megara</a>, the suburban district of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a>, by Scipio, Hasdrubal withdrew into the Byrsa, got made commander-in-chief, and bringing all Roman prisoners to the battlements, put them to death with the most ghastly tortures. Appian,<bibl n="App. Pun. 118" default="NO" valid="yes"><title>Pun.</title>118</bibl>.</note>And you trust in the gods, do you, after violating even the laws of men?" The king went on to remind Scipio that above all things it was necessary to finish the business speedily; for, apart from unforeseen contingencies, the consular elections were now close at hand, and it was only right to have regard to that, lest, if the winter found them just where they were, another Consul would come to supersede him, and without any trouble get all the credit of his labours.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note6">He offers Hasdrubal personal security for delivering the town.</note>These words induced Scipio to give directions to offer Hasdrubal safety for himself, his wife and children, and ten families of his friends and relations, and permission to take ten talents of<pb n="515" />his private property and to bring out with him whichever of his slaves he chose. With these concessions therefore Gulussa went to his meeting with Hasdrubal on the third day, who again came forward with great pomp and at a dignified step, clothed in his purple robe and full suit of armour, so as to cast the tyrants of tragedy far into the shade. He was naturally fat, but at that time he had grown extremely corpulent, and had become more than usually red from exposure to the sun, so that he seemed to be living like fat oxen at a fair; and not at all like a man to be in command at a time of such terrible miseries as cannot easily be described in words. When he met the king, and heard the offer of the Consul, he slapped his thigh again and again, and appealing to the gods and Fortune declared that "The day would never come on which Hasdrubal would behold the sun and his native city in flames; for to the nobly-minded one's country and its burning houses were a glorious funeral pile."<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note7">The selfish and tyrannical conduct of Hasdrubal.</note>These expressions force us to feel some admiration for the man and the nobility of his language; but when we come to view his administration of affairs, we cannot fail to be struck by his want of spirit and courage; for at a time when his fellow-citizens were absolutely perishing with famine, he gave banquets and had second courses put on of a costly kind, and by his own excellent physical condition made their misery more conspicuous. For the number of the dying surpassed belief, as well as the number who deserted every day from hunger. However, by fiercely rebuking some, and by executing as well as abusing others, he cowed the common people: and by this means retained, in a country reduced to the lowest depths of misfortune, an authority which a tyrant would scarcely enjoy in a prosperous city.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">Comparison between Hasdrubal and Diaeus.</note>Therefore I think I was justified in saying that two leaders more like each other than those who at that time directed the affairs of Greece and <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Carthage&groupId=441&placeId=820">Carthage</a> it would not be easy to find. And this will be rendered manifest when we come to a formal comparison of them. . . .
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Walbank Commentary