<w lemma="%2A%28%2Fosw%7C">Ὅσῳ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="filotimo%2Fteron">φιλοτιμότερον</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="die%2Fkeito">διέκειτο</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="tosou%2Ftw%7C">τοσούτῳ</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmat%27">πράγματ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fbaine">ἀπέβαινε</w> <w lemma="paradoco%2Ftera">παραδοξότερα</w>.
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="%2Akoi+%2Fntou">Κοΐντου</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="e%29niauto%5Cn">ἐνιαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="strathgh%2Fsantos">στρατηγήσαντος</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fa%7C">Ἰβηρίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="strateusame%2Fnwn">στρατευσαμένων</w> <w lemma="h%29ggelko%2Ftwn">ἠγγελκότων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fxeian">συνέχειαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="parata%2Fcews">παρατάξεως</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnwn">κινδύνων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29polwlo%2Ftwn">ἀπολωλότων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrei%2Fan">ἀνδρείαν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltibh%2Frwn">Κελτιβήρων</w>,
<w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Amarke%2Fllou">Μαρκέλλου</w> <w lemma="profanw%3Ds">προφανῶς</w> <w lemma="a%29podeiliw%3Dntos">ἀποδειλιῶντος</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flemon">πόλεμον</w>, <w lemma="e%29ne%2Fpese%2F">ἐνέπεσέ</w> <w lemma="tis">τις</w> <w lemma="ptoi%2Fa">πτοία</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fois">νέοις</w> <w lemma="para%2Flogos">παράλογος</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%2Fan">οἵαν</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="presbu%3Dtai">πρεσβῦται</w> <w lemma="gegenhme%2Fnhn">γεγενημένην</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w>.
<w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dto">τοῦτο</w> <w lemma="prou%2Fbh">προύβη</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29podeilia%2Fsews">ἀποδειλιάσεως</w> <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="xilia%2Frxous">χιλιάρχους</w> <w lemma="proporeu%2Fesqai">προπορεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%5Cn">ἀρχὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28kanou%2Fs">ἱκανούς</w>, <w lemma="a%29ll%27">ἀλλ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29llei%2Fpein">ἐλλείπειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fras">χώρας</w>, <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="ei%29qisme%2Fnwn">εἰθισμένων</w> <w lemma="pollaplasio%2Fnwn">πολλαπλασιόνων</w> <w lemma="proporeu%2Fesqai">προπορεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kaqhko%2Fntwn">καθηκόντων</w>,
<w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29sferome%2Fnous">εἰσφερομένους</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="u%28pakou%2Fein">ὑπακούειν</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%5Cs">οὓς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fdei">ἔδει</w> <w lemma="poreu%2Fesqai">πορεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w>,
<w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fgiston">μέγιστον</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fous">νέους</w> <w lemma="diakli%2Fnein">διακλίνειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="katagrafa%5Cs">καταγραφὰς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="toiau%2Ftas">τοιαύτας</w> <w lemma="pori%2Fzesqai">πορίζεσθαι</w> <w lemma="profa%2Fseis">προφάσεις</w> <w lemma="a%28%5Cs">ἃς</w> <w lemma="le%2Fgein">λέγειν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ai%29sxro%5Cn">αἰσχρὸν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w>, <w lemma="e%29ceta%2Fzein">ἐξετάζειν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29prepe%2Fs">ἀπρεπές</w>, <w lemma="e%29pite%2Fmnein">ἐπιτέμνειν</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29du%2Fnaton">ἀδύνατον</w>.
<w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="a%29mhxani%2Fais">ἀμηχανίαις</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntwn">ὄντων</w> <w lemma="ti%2F">τί</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fras">πέρας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fstai">ἔσται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="ne%2Fwn">νέων</w> <w lemma="a%29naisxunti%2Fas">ἀναισχυντίας</w> — <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="h%29nagka%2Fzonto">ἠναγκάζοντο</w> <w lemma="xrh%3Dsqai">χρῆσθαι</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="r%28h%2Fmati">ῥήματι</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="sumbai%2Fnonta">συμβαίνοντα</w> — <w lemma="%2Apo%2Fplios">Πόπλιος</w> <w lemma="%2Akornh%2Flios">Κορνήλιος</w> [<w lemma="%2A%29afrikano%2Fs">Ἀφρικανός</w>],
<w lemma="ne%2Fos">νέος</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="w%29%2Fn">ὤν</w>, <w lemma="dokw%3Dn">δοκῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fmboulos">σύμβουλος</w> <w lemma="gegone%2Fnai">γεγονέναι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pole%2Fmou">πολέμου</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="kaloka%29gaqi%2Fa%7C">καλοκἀγαθίᾳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="swfrosu%2Fnh%7C">σωφροσύνῃ</w> <w lemma="do%2Fcan">δόξαν</w> <w lemma="o%28mologoume%2Fnhn">ὁμολογουμένην</w> <w lemma="pepoihme%2Fnos">πεποιημένος</w>,
<w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29ndrei%2Fa%7C">ἀνδρείᾳ</w> <w lemma="fh%2Fmhs">φήμης</w> <w lemma="prosdeo%2Fmenos">προσδεόμενος</w>, <w lemma="qewrw%3Dn">θεωρῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w> <w lemma="a%29poroume%2Fnhn">ἀπορουμένην</w>, <w lemma="a%29nasta%5Cs">ἀναστὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dpen">εἶπεν</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fte">εἴτε</w> <w lemma="xili%2Farxon">χιλίαρχον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fte">εἴτε</w> <w lemma="presbeuth%5Cn">πρεσβευτὴν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fmpein">πέμπειν</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cn">αὐτὸν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Ftwn">ὑπάτων</w> <w lemma="e%29cei%3Dnai:">ἐξεῖναι·</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="a%29mfo%2Ftera">ἀμφότερα</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmws">ἑτοίμως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxein">ἔχειν</w>.
<w lemma="kai%2Ftoi">καίτοι</w> <w lemma="g%27">γ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="i%29di%2Fan">ἰδίαν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3D%7C">αὑτῷ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedoni%2Fan">Μακεδονίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fcodon">ἔξοδον</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfaleste%2Fran">ἀσφαλεστέραν</w> <w lemma="a%28%2Fma">ἅμα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%29keiote%2Fran">οἰκειοτέραν</w>
<w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai:">εἶναι·</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbaine">συνέβαινε</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Amakedo%2Fnas">Μακεδόνας</w> <w lemma="e%29p%27">ἐπ᾽</w> <w lemma="o%29no%2Fmatos">ὀνόματος</w> <w lemma="kalei%3Dn">καλεῖν</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwna">Σκιπίωνα</w> <w lemma="dialu%2Fsonta">διαλύσοντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="sta%2Fseis:">στάσεις·</w>
<w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="patri%2Fdos">πατρίδος</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffh">ἔφη</w> <w lemma="katepei%2Fgein">κατεπείγειν</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kalei%3Dn">καλεῖν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29lhqinw%3Ds">ἀληθινῶς</w> <w lemma="filodocou%3Dntas">φιλοδοξοῦντας</w>.
<w lemma="pa%3Dsin">πᾶσιν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="parado%2Fcou">παραδόξου</w> <w lemma="fanei%2Fshs">φανείσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29paggeli%2Fas">ἐπαγγελίας</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fan">ἡλικίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhn">ἄλλην</w> <w lemma="eu%29la%2Fbeian">εὐλάβειαν</w>, <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="mega%2Flhn">μεγάλην</w> <w lemma="a%29podoxh%5Cn">ἀποδοχὴν</w> <w lemma="gene%2Fsqai">γενέσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Askipi%2Fwnos">Σκιπίωνος</w>, <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ma%3Dllon">μᾶλλον</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%28ch%3Ds">ἑξῆς</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Frais:">ἡμέραις·</w>
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fteron">πρότερον</w> <w lemma="a%29podeiliw%3Dntes">ἀποδειλιῶντες</w>, <w lemma="e%29ktrepo%2Fmenoi">ἐκτρεπόμενοι</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="paraqe%2Fsews">παραθέσεως</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flegxon">ἔλεγχον</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="presbeu%2Fsein">πρεσβεύσειν</w> <w lemma="e%29qelonth%5Cn">ἐθελοντὴν</w> <w lemma="e%29phgge%2Fllonto">ἐπηγγέλλοντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="strathgoi%3Ds">στρατηγοῖς</w>, <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="stratiwtika%5Cs">στρατιωτικὰς</w> <w lemma="katagrafa%5Cs">καταγραφὰς</w> <w lemma="proseporeu%2Fonto">προσεπορεύοντο</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="sustre%2Fmmata">συστρέμματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sunhqei%2Fas">συνηθείας</w>. —
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<head>Scipio Volunteers For Spain</head>The more determined however the Senate was to carry on<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note13">The terror of the Celtiberians at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> made men use every pretext for avoiding service in the army.</note>the war, the greater became their embarrassment. For the report brought to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> by Q. Fulvius Nobilior, the commander in Iberia in the previous year (B. C. 153), and those who had served under him, of the perpetual recurrence of the pitched battles, the number of the fallen, and the valour of the Celtiberians, combined with the notorious fact that Marcellus shrank in terror from the war, caused such a panic in the minds of the new levies as the old men declared had never happened before. To such an extent did the panic go, that sufficient men were not found to come forward for the office of military tribune, and these posts were consequently not entirely filled up; whereas heretofore a larger number than were wanted had been wont to volunteer for the duty: nor would the men nominated by the Consuls as<foreign lang="la">legati</foreign>to accompany the commanders consent to serve; and, worst of all, the young men tried to avoid the levies, and put forward such excuses as were disgraceful for them to allege, and beneath the investigation of the Consuls, and yet impossible to refute.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note14">Scipio volunteers to act as legatus or tribune.</note>But at length, in this embarrassment of the Senate and magistrates, when they were wondering what was to be the end of this shameless conduct of the young men, for they could call it nothing else, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, who, though still a young man, had been one of those to advise the war, and who, though he had already acquired a reputation for high principle and pure morality, had not been known for his personal courage, seeing the Senate was in a difficulty, stood up and bade them send him to Iberia, either as military<pb n="497" />tribune or legatus, for he was ready to serve in either capacity. "Though, as far as I am concerned," he said, "my mission to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Macedonia&groupId=723&placeId=428">Macedonia</a> would be safer and more appropriate"—for it happened that at that time Scipio was personally and by name invited by the Macedonians to come and settle the disputes which were raging among them—"yet the needs of my own country are the more pressing of the two, and imperatively summon to Iberia all who have a genuine love of honour."<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note15">This offer shames others into doing the same.</note>This offer was unexpected by all, both from the youth of Scipio and his general character for caution, and consequently he became exceedingly popular on the spot, and still more so on subsequent days. For those who had before shrunk from the danger of the service, now, from dislike of the sorry figure they made in comparison with him, began volunteering to serve. Some offered to go as<foreign lang="la">legati</foreign>to the generals, and others in groups and clubs entered their names on the muster rolls. . . .<note anchored="yes" type="summary" place="inline" resp="ess" id="note16">Lucius Lucinius Lucullus, consul for B. C. 151, is sent to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>, Scipio Aemilianus acting as his legatus. They found that the Arevacae had already submitted to Marcellus; but being in want of money Lucullus was determined not to be deprived of a campaign. He therefore attacked the next tribe, the Vaccaei, who lived on the other side of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Tagus&groupId=1000&placeId=1762">Tagus</a>, nominally on the pretext of their having injured the Carpetani. The war which followed was marked by signal acts of cruelty and treachery on the part of Lucullus, as on that of the praetor Servius Sulpicius Galba among the Lusitani. Appian, Hisp. 49-55.</note>
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Walbank Commentary