<w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="e%29peidh%5C">ἐπειδὴ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akelti%2Fbhres">Κελτίβηρες</w> <w lemma="a%29noxa%5Cs">ἀνοχὰς</w> <w lemma="poihsa%2Fmenoi">ποιησάμενοι</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkon">Μάρκον</w> <w lemma="%2Aklau%2Fdion">Κλαύδιον</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cn">στρατηγὸν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteilan">ἐξαπέστειλαν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="presbei%2Fas">πρεσβείας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="h%28suxi%2Fan">ἡσυχίαν</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dgon">ἦγον</w>, <w lemma="karadokou%3Dntes">καραδοκοῦντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Ffasin">ἀπόφασιν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sugklh%2Ftou">συγκλήτου</w>,
<w lemma="%2Ama%2Frkos">Μάρκος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strateu%2Fsas">στρατεύσας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Alusitanou%5Cs">Λυσιτανοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2Anerko%2Fbrika">Νερκόβρικα</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="kra%2Ftos">κράτος</w> <w lemma="e%28lw%5Cn">ἑλὼν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="%2Akordu%2Fba%7C">Κορδύβᾳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="paraxeimasi%2Fan">παραχειμασίαν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiei%3Dto">ἐποιεῖτο</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pre%2Fsbewn">πρέσβεων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="paragenome%2Fnwn">παραγενομένων</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Abellw%3Dn">Βελλῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fttwn">Τίττων</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fsoi">ὅσοι</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w> <w lemma="h%28%7Crou%3Dnto">ᾑροῦντο</w>, <w lemma="parede%2Fcanto">παρεδέξαντο</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w>,
<w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arauakw%3Dn">Ἀραυακῶν</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Atibe%2Frews">Τιβέρεως</w> <w lemma="e%29ke%2Fleusan">ἐκέλευσαν</w> <w lemma="kataskhnou%3Dn">κατασκηνοῦν</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fous">πολεμίους</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frxein">ὑπάρχειν</w>, <w lemma="e%28%2Fws">ἕως</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fswntai">βουλεύσωνται</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flwn">ὅλων</w>.
<w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kairou%3D">καιροῦ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnteucin">ἔντευξιν</w>, <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dge">εἰσῆγε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxous">συμμάχους</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%2Fper">καίπερ</w> <w lemma="o%29%2Fntes">ὄντες</w> <w lemma="ba%2Frbaroi">βάρβαροι</w> ?<w lemma=""></w>* <w lemma="dieti%2Fqento">διετίθεντο</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgous">λόγους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsas">πάσας</w> <w lemma="e%29ceukrinei%3Dn">ἐξευκρινεῖν</w> <w lemma="e%29peirw%3Dnto">ἐπειρῶντο</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="diafora%2Fs">διαφοράς</w>,
<w lemma="u%28podeiknu%2Fntes">ὑποδεικνύντες</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="sustalh%2Fsontai">συσταλήσονται</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="teu%2Fcontai">τεύξονται</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%28rmozou%2Fshs">ἁρμοζούσης</w> <w lemma="kola%2Fsews">κολάσεως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="pepolemhko%2Ftes">πεπολεμηκότες</w>, <w lemma="parauti%2Fka">παραυτίκα</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w>, <w lemma="e%29panelqo%2Fntwn">ἐπανελθόντων</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai+kw%3Dn">Ῥωμαϊκῶν</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdwn">στρατοπέδων</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fas">Ἰβηρίας</w>, <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="xeiro%5Cs">χειρὸς</w> <w lemma="prosepiqh%2Fsousi">προσεπιθήσουσι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fkhn">δίκην</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w>.
<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Ftais">προδόταις</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Fsi">γεγονόσι</w>, <w lemma="taxu%5C">ταχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%5C">αὐτοὶ</w> <w lemma="kinh%2Fsousi">κινήσουσι</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="a%29rxh%2Fn">ἀρχήν</w>, <w lemma="e%29a%5Cn">ἐὰν</w> <w lemma="a%29nepiti%2Fmhtoi">ἀνεπιτίμητοι</w> <w lemma="diafu%2Fgwsin">διαφύγωσιν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fths">πρώτης</w> <w lemma="a%28marti%2Fas">ἁμαρτίας</w>, <w lemma="e%28toi%2Fmous">ἑτοίμους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="kainotomi%2Fan">καινοτομίαν</w> <w lemma="poih%2Fsousi">ποιήσουσι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w>, <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="i%28kanoi%5C">ἱκανοὶ</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftes">γεγονότες</w> <w lemma="a%29nti%2Fpaloi">ἀντίπαλοι</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w>.
<w lemma="dio%2Fper">διόπερ</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Foun">ἠξίουν</w> <w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fnein">μένειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpeda">στρατόπεδα</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ibhri%2Fan">Ἰβηρίαν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diabai%2Fnein">διαβαίνειν</w> <w lemma="kaq%27">καθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28%2Fkaston">ἕκαστον</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ftos">ἔτος</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fpaton">ὕπατον</w> <w lemma="e%29fedreu%2Fsonta">ἐφεδρεύσοντα</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="summa%2Fxois">συμμάχοις</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="kola%2Fsonta">κολάσοντα</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29arauakw%3Dn">Ἀραυακῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29diki%2Fas">ἀδικίας</w>,
<w lemma="h%29%5C">ἢ</w> <w lemma="boulome%2Fnous">βουλομένους</w> <w lemma="a%29pa%2Fgein">ἀπάγειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="duna%2Fmeis">δυνάμεις</w> <w lemma="paradeigmatiste%2Fon">παραδειγματιστέον</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="proeirhme%2Fnwn">προειρημένων</w> <w lemma="e%29pana%2Fstasin">ἐπανάστασιν</w>, <w lemma="i%28%2Fna">ἵνα</w> <w lemma="mhdei%5Cs">μηδεὶς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fti">ἔτι</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dn">ποιεῖν</w> <w lemma="qarrh%3D%7C">θαρρῇ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsion">παραπλήσιον</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="ou%29%3Dn">οὖν</w> <w lemma="%2Abellw%3Dn">Βελλῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Ati%2Fttwn">Τίττων</w> <w lemma="summaxou%3Dntes">συμμαχοῦντες</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fois">Ῥωμαίοις</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="paraplh%2Fsia">παραπλήσια</w> <w lemma="diele%2Fxqhsan">διελέχθησαν</w>.
<w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="ei%29sh%3Dgon">εἰσῆγον</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fwn">πολεμίων</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29araua%2Fkai">Ἀραυάκαι</w> <w lemma="parelqo%2Fntes">παρελθόντες</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="u%28po%2Fkrisin">ὑπόκρισιν</w> <w lemma="e%29xrw%3Dnto">ἐχρῶντο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgois">λόγοις</w> <w lemma="u%28popeptwko%2Ftws">ὑποπεπτωκότως</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tapeinw%3Ds">ταπεινῶς</w>, <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="ge">γε</w> <w lemma="mh%5Cn">μὴν</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsei">προαιρέσει</w> [<w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w>] <w lemma="die%2Ffainon">διέφαινον</w> <w lemma="ou%29k">οὐκ</w> <w lemma="ei%29kou%2Fsh%7C">εἰκούσῃ</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flois">ὅλοις</w> <w lemma="ou%29d%27">οὐδ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%28ttwme%2Fnh%7C">ἡττωμένῃ</w>.
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tu%2Fxhs">τύχης</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fdhla">ἄδηλα</w> <w lemma="polla%2Fkis">πολλάκις</w> <w lemma="u%28pedei%2Fknuon">ὑπεδείκνυον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="progegenhme%2Fnas">προγεγενημένας</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxas">μάχας</w> <w lemma="a%29mfidhri%2Ftous">ἀμφιδηρίτους</w> <w lemma="poiou%3Dntes">ποιοῦντες</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fsais">πάσαις</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fmfasin">ἔμφασιν</w> <w lemma="a%29pe%2Fleipon">ἀπέλειπον</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pikudeste%2Frwn">ἐπικυδεστέρων</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="gegono%2Ftwn">γεγονότων</w>.
<w lemma="te%2Flos">τέλος</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="lo%2Fgwn:">λόγων·</w> <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="me%2Fn">μέν</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="dei%3D">δεῖ</w> <w lemma="r%28hto%5Cn">ῥητὸν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Fstimon">πρόστιμον</w> <w lemma="u%28pome%2Fnein">ὑπομένειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="a%29gnoi%2Fas">ἀγνοίας</w>, <w lemma="a%29nade%2Fxesqai">ἀναδέχεσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%3Dt%27">τοῦτ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Ffasan">ἔφασαν</w>, <w lemma="telesqe%2Fntos">τελεσθέντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="prosta%2Fgmatos">προστάγματος</w> <w lemma="e%29pana%2Fgein">ἐπανάγειν</w> <w lemma="h%29ci%2Foun">ἠξίουν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frion">Τεβέριον</w> <w lemma="o%28mologi%2Fas">ὁμολογίας</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnas">γενομένας</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w>.
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<head>The Celtiberian Wars</head>The Celtiberians, after making a truce with the consul<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note2">M. Claudius Marcellus winters at Cordova, B. C. 152-151.</note>M. Claudius Marcellus, had sent ambassadors to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> who remained there quietly waiting for the answer of the Senate. Meanwhile M. Claudius went on an expedition against the Lusitani, took Nercobrica by assault, and then went into winter quarters at Corduba.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note3">The envoys from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a>.</note>Of the ambassadors who came to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> the Senate admitted those from the Belli and Titthi, who were on the side of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, to enter the city; but ordered those from the Arevacae to lodge on the other side of the Tiber, as being at war with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, until such time as the Senate should have decided the whole question. When the time for the interview was come,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note4">Probably in February, the month usually devoted by the Senate to<foreign lang="la">legationes.</foreign></note>the praetor introduced the envoys from their allies first.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note5">Speech of the Belli and Titthi.</note>Barbarians as they were, they made a set speech, and endeavoured to explain clearly the causes of all the dissension prevailing in their country: pointing out that "Unless those who had broken out into war were reduced to tranquillity and punished as they deserved, the very moment the Roman legions left Iberia, they would inflict punishment upon the Belli and Titthi as traitors; and that if they escaped unpunished for their first act of hostility, they would make all the tribes in Iberia ripe for an outbreak from the belief that they were capable of coping with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. They begged, therefore, that the legions should remain in Iberia, and that each year a consul should come thither<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note6">Since B. C. 195 up to B. C. 154 the two divisions of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Spain&groupId=983&placeId=1735">Spain</a> had been entrusted to Praetors.</note>to protect the allies of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> and punish the<pb n="495" />depredations of the Arevacae; or, if they wished to withdraw the legions, they should first take signal vengeance for the outbreak of this tribe, that no one might venture to do the like again." Such, or to this effect, was the speech of the envoys of the Belli and Titthi who were in alliance with <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. The envoys of the hostile tribe were then introduced.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note7">The Arevacae</note>On coming forward the Arevacae assumed a feigned tone of submission and humility in the language of their answer, without being, as was evident, at all yielding in their hearts or acknowledging themselves beaten. On the contrary, they continually hinted at the uncertainty of fortune; and speaking of the battles that had taken place as undecided, they conveyed the impression that they had had the best of the contest in them all.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note8">demand the settlement of Tiberius Gracchus, B. C. 177.</note>The upshot of their speech was this: "If they must submit to some definite mulct for their error, they were ready to do so: but, when that was completed, they demanded that things should revert to the position fixed by their treaty made with the Senate in the time of Tiberius Gracchus."
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Walbank Commentary