Polybius, Histories
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Book 32 - Chapter 9

1
<head lang="la">C. Olymp. 155, 3. I. Res Italiae</head><w lemma="%2A%28%2Foti">Ὅτι</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29issi%2Fwn">Ἰσσίων</w> <w lemma="pleona%2Fkis">πλεονάκις</w> <w lemma="pepresbeuko%2Ftwn">πεπρεσβευκότων</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmhn">Ῥώμην</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diasafou%2Fntwn">διασαφούντων</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fti">ὅτι</w> <w lemma="%2Adelmatei%3Ds">Δελματεῖς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="a%29dikou%3Dsi">ἀδικοῦσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="po%2Fleis">πόλεις</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="met%27">μετ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="tattome%2Fnas:">ταττομένας·</w>
2
<w lemma="au%28%3Dtai">αὗται</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5Cn">εἰσὶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29epe%2Ftion">Ἐπέτιον</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Atragu%2Frion:">Τραγύριον·</w> <w lemma="o%28moi%2Fws">ὁμοίως</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Adaorsw%3Dn">Δαορσῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29gkalou%2Fntwn">ἐγκαλούντων</w>,
3
<w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteilen">ἐξαπέστειλεν</w> <w lemma="h%28">ἡ</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhtos">σύγκλητος</w> <w lemma="presbeuta%5Cs">πρεσβευτὰς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Fnnion">Φάννιον</w> <w lemma="e%29popteu%2Fsontas">ἐποπτεύσοντας</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29illuri%2Fda">Ἰλλυρίδα</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Adelmatei%3Ds">Δελματεῖς</w>.
4
<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>, <w lemma="me%2Fxri">μέχρι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fzh">ἔζη</w> <w lemma="%2Apleura%3Dtos">Πλευρᾶτος</w>, <w lemma="u%28ph%2Fkouon">ὑπήκουον</w> <w lemma="e%29kei%2Fnw%7C:">ἐκείνῳ·</w> <w lemma="metalla%2Fcantos">μεταλλάξαντος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="bi%2Fon">βίον</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diadecame%2Fnou">διαδεξαμένου</w> <w lemma="%2Agenqi%2Fou">Γενθίου</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="basilei%2Fan">βασιλείαν</w>, <w lemma="a%29posta%2Fntes">ἀποστάντες</w> <w lemma="a%29po%5C">ἀπὸ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28mo%2Frois">ὁμόροις</w> <w lemma="prosepole%2Fmoun">προσεπολέμουν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="katestre%2Ffonto">κατεστρέφοντο</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29stugei%2Ftonas">ἀστυγείτονας</w>, <w lemma="w%28%3Dn">ὧν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fnioi">ἔνιοι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Frous">φόρους</w> <w lemma="au%29toi%3Ds">αὐτοῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fferon:">ἔφερον·</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="fo%2Fros">φόρος</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="qre%2Fmmata">θρέμματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="si%3Dtos">σῖτος</w>.
5
<w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Afa%2Fnnion">Φάννιον</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="e%29cw%2Frmhsan">ἐξώρμησαν</w>. —
<head>Scipio the Younger and Polybius</head>As the course of my narrative and the events of the<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note22">The origin of the friendship between Scipio Aemilianus and Polybius.</note>time have drawn our attention to this family, I wish to carry out fully, for the sake of students, what was left as a mere promise in my previous book. I promised then that I would relate the origin and manner of the rise and unusually early glory of Scipio's reputation in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>; and also how it came about that Polybius became so attached to and intimate with him, that the fame of their friendship and constant companionship was not merely confined to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a> and Greece, but became known to more remote nations also. We have already shown that the acquaintance began in a loan of some books and the conversation about them. But as the intimacy went on, and the Achaean<pb n="453" />detenus were being distributed among the various cities, Fabius and Scipio, the sons of Lucius Aemilius Paulus,<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note23">See note on p. 456.</note>exerted all their influence with the praetor that Polybius might be allowed to remain in <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>. This was granted: and the intimacy was becoming more and more close, when the following incident occurred.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note24">Young Scipio opens his heart to Polybius.</note>One day, when they were all three coming out of the house of Fabius, it happened that Fabius left them to go to the Forum, and that Polybius went in another direction with Scipio. As they were walking along, in a quiet and subdued voice, and with the blood mounting to his cheeks, Scipio said, "Why is it, Polybius, that though I and my brother eat at the same table, you address all your conversation and all your questions and explanations to him, and pass me over altogether? Of course you too have the same opinion of me as I hear the rest of the city has. For I am considered by everybody, I hear, to be a mild effete person, and far removed from the true Roman character and ways, because I don't care for pleading in the law courts. And they say that the family I come of requires a different kind of representative, and not the sort that I am. That is what annoys me most."

Walbank Commentary

Overview
32.9.1 - 32.9.5
<p rend="Plain Text">C. Fannius sent to Dalmatia (158/7)</p> <p rend="Plain Text">This excerpt from de legat. gent. is part of res Italiae of Ol. 155, 3 = 158/7; see p. 38.</p>
Specifics
32.9.1 - 32.9.1
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἰσσίων . . . πεπρεσβευκότων</w>:</emph> on <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> (mod. Lissa or Vis) see ii. 8. 5 n. Since its deditio in 229 (ii. 11. 12) it will have been technically a Roman amicus; for its naval contribution to Roman wars in the east see Livy, xxxi. 45. 10, xxxii. 21. 27, xxxvii. 16. 8, xlii. 48. 8 (but it is uncertain whether it had a foedus; cf. ii. 11. 12 n.). After the fall of Genthius in 168 (xxix. 13. 2 and following note) L. Anicius announced at Scodra the Illyrian settlement (Livy, xlv. 26. 11–15; above, xxx. 10. 1–2 n.; the date was 167), including the clause: 'non solum liberos, sed etiam immunes fore Issenses et Taulantios, quod incolumi Gentio ad Romanos defecissent' (Livy, xlv. 26. 13). Ceka, Questions, 155–6, would emend Issenses to give a reference to Lissus, in view of coins with the legend <w lang="el-GR">Λισσιταν</w>, which he dates now; this would avoid the assumption that <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> had joined Genthius and then returned to <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> (which Livy, xlv. 26. 13 would imply). See, however, Fluss, RE, Suppl.-B. v, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>', cols. 348–9; Zippel, 98; and earlier works quoted in Sherk, no. 24 (S. C. de Issaeis (?) of 56 B.C., mentioning Tragurium). </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Δελματεῖς</w>:</emph> the earliest reference to this Illyrian people, whose territory stretched from the Narenta (Naretva), where they marched with the Daorsi (§ 2), northwards to near the Titius (Krka); Pliny, Nat. hist. iii. 139–41; Ptol. Geog. ii. 16; Zippel, 129–30; Patsch, RE, 'Delmatae', cols. 2448–55; Wilkes, Dalmatia, 30 and, for the society and economy of the Dalmatians, 177–91. </p>
32.9.2 - 32.9.2
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Ἐπέτιον καὶ Τραγύριον</w>:</emph> Epetium (mod. Stobre; Ptol. Geog. ii. 16. 3) lay about five miles east of Split on the south coast of the Split peninsula; later, under the empire, it fell within the territory of Salona (cf. Patsch, RE, 'Epetium', cols. 2732–3; Wilkes, Dalmatia, 30, 220). <milestone unit="page" n="528">[528]</milestone> Tragurium (mod. Trau or Trogir) lay west of Salona on a peninsula between the mainland and the island of Bavo (mod. iova). Originally Illyrian, both probably received Greek settlements from <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> (cf. Strabo, vii. 5. 5, C. 315, for Tragurium), but how long they had been Issian possessions is obscure. Braun (RE, 'Tragurium', col. 2076), Fluss (RE, Suppl.-B. v, '<a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>', col. 348) and Patsch (RE 'Epetium', col. 2732) all quote the present passage as evidence that <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a> controlled the cities c. 220; this is not a justifiable assumption, and Wilkes (Dalmatia, 30) suggests that <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Issa&groupId=653&placeId=1193">Issa</a>'s control was recent, and reflected an effort, under Roman protection, to dominate the trade with the mainland peoples. For a Greek inscription from Tragurium, which may date from the period of Issian control, see Robert, Istros, 1935–6, 18–20. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">Δαορσῶν</w>:</emph> cf. Livy, xlv. 26. 14 (167): 'Daorsis quoque immunitatem dare, quod relicto Carauantio cum armis ad Romanos transissent' (cf. Zippel, 84, 98). This Illyrian people had formerly been under the Ardiaean kingdom; they lived near the Narenta, on its left bank (cf. Ptol. Geog. ii. 16. 5; Strabo, vii. 5. 5, C. 315). Inscriptions have the form Dauersi and <w lang="el-GR">Δάρσιοι</w> (Appian) and <w lang="el-GR">Δαόριζοι</w> (Strabo) are also found. Coins have <w lang="el-GR">ΔΑΟΡΣΩΝ</w>; cf. J. Brunmid, Die Inschriften und Mnzen der griechischen Stdte Dalmatiens (Vienna, 1898), 74 f. See Patsch, RE, 'Daversi', cols. 2231–2. </p>
32.9.3 - 32.9.3
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">τοὺς περὶ Γάιον Φάννιον</w>:</emph> C. Fannius C.f. C.n. Strabo, cos. 161 (when he had a law passed restricting luxury at table); see Mnzer, RE, 'Fannius (20)', cols. 1994–5. He was evidently sent in spring 157 and returned the same autumn (13. 1–9 n.). For his subsequent activities as legatus see xxxiii. 7. 3, 12. 2, 13. 4. </p>
32.9.4 - 32.9.4
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">μεταλλάξαντος δὲ τούτου</w>:</emph> for Pleuratus' death and Genthius' succession c. 181 see xxviii. 8. 1 n. </p> <p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">θρέμματα καὶ σῖτος</w>:</emph> according to Strabo (vii. 5. 5, C. 315) the Dalmatians made no use of coined money; and this tribute in corn and cattle would be appropriate to a system of barter (though tribute in kind need not imply this). See Wilkes, Dalmatia, 182. M. Fluss (RE, 'Naro', cols. 1738–9) assumes that the peoples from whom the tribute was exacted included the Ardiaei, and comments on the richness of the Naro valley at that time; but its does not follow that the Ardiaei had become tributary. </p>
32.9.5 - 32.9.5
<p rend="Plain Text"> <emph rend="bold"><w lang="el-GR">ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐξώρμησαν</w>:</emph> for Fannius' return the next olympiad year (autumn 157) see 13. 1–9 n. </p>

Commentary