<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhs">μάχης</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2Agna%2Fios">Γνάιος</w> <w lemma="%2Aseroui%2Flios">Σερουίλιος</w> <w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="prokaqh%2Fmenos">προκαθήμενος</w> <w lemma="u%28%2Fpatos">ὕπατος</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="%2A%29ari%2Fminon">Ἀρίμινον</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpwn">τόπων</w> —
<w lemma="ou%28%3Dtoi">οὗτοι</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="ei%29si%5Cn">εἰσὶν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="pleura%3Ds">πλευρᾶς</w>, <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptei">συνάπτει</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="%2Agalatika%5C">Γαλατικὰ</w> <w lemma="pedi%2Fa">πεδία</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fllhn">ἄλλην</w> <w lemma="%2A%29itali%2Fan">Ἰταλίαν</w>, <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="makra%5Cn">μακρὰν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="qa%2Flattan">θάλατταν</w> <w lemma="e%29kbolh%3Ds">ἐκβολῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdou">Πάδου</w> <w lemma="stoma%2Ftwn">στομάτων</w> —
<w lemma="a%29kou%2Fsas">ἀκούσας</w> <w lemma="ei%29sbeblhko%2Fta">εἰσβεβληκότα</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fban">Ἀννίβαν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="%2Aturrhni%2Fan">Τυρρηνίαν</w> <w lemma="a%29ntistratopedeu%2Fein">ἀντιστρατοπεδεύειν</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="%2Aflamini%2Fw%7C">Φλαμινίῳ</w>, <w lemma="pa%3Dsi">πᾶσι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Fleto">ἐπεβάλετο</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="stratope%2Fdois">στρατοπέδοις</w> <w lemma="au%29to%5Cs">αὐτὸς</w> <w lemma="suna%2Fptein">συνάπτειν</w>, <w lemma="a%29dunatw%3Dn">ἀδυνατῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="stratia%3Ds">στρατιᾶς</w> <w lemma="ba%2Fros">βάρος</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="%2Akenth%2Fnion">Κεντήνιον</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="spoudh%5Cn">σπουδὴν</w> <w lemma="dou%5Cs">δοὺς</w> <w lemma="tetrakisxili%2Fous">τετρακισχιλίους</w> <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="proecape%2Fsteile">προεξαπέστειλε</w>, <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w>, <w lemma="ei%29">εἰ</w> <w lemma="de%2Foinq%27">δέοινθ᾽</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="kairoi%2F">καιροί</w>, <w lemma="pro%5C">πρὸ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="parousi%2Fas">παρουσίας</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftous">τούτους</w> <w lemma="katataxei%3Dn">καταταχεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%2F">δέ</w>, <w lemma="meta%5C">μετὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="prosaggelqei%2Fshs">προσαγγελθείσης</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28penanti%2Fwn">ὑπεναντίων</w> <w lemma="bohqei%2Fas">βοηθείας</w>, <w lemma="e%29caposte%2Fllei">ἐξαποστέλλει</w> <w lemma="%2Amaa%2Frban">Μαάρβαν</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Fxonta">ἔχοντα</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="logxofo%2Frous">λογχοφόρους</w> <w lemma="kai%2F">καί</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w>.
<w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumpeso%2Fntes">συμπεσόντες</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2Aga%2Fion">Γάιον</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="au%29th%3D%7C">αὐτῇ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="prw%2Fth%7C">πρώτῃ</w> <w lemma="sumplokh%3D%7C">συμπλοκῇ</w> <w lemma="sxedo%5Cn">σχεδὸν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="h%28mi%2Fseis">ἡμίσεις</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="die%2Ffqeiran">διέφθειραν</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="loipou%5Cs">λοιποὺς</w> <w lemma="ei%29%2Fs">εἴς</w> <w lemma="tina">τινα</w> <w lemma="lo%2Ffon">λόφον</w> <w lemma="sundiw%2Fcantes">συνδιώξαντες</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="po%2Fdas">πόδας</w> <w lemma="h%28me%2Fra%7C">ἡμέρᾳ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Flabon">ἔλαβον</w> <w lemma="u%28poxeiri%2Fous">ὑποχειρίους</w>.
<w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w>, <w lemma="tritai%2Fas">τριταίας</w> <w lemma="ou%29%2Fshs">οὔσης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ma%2Fxhn">μάχην</w> <w lemma="prosaggeli%2Fas">προσαγγελίας</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="ma%2Flista">μάλιστα</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fqous">πάθους</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="w%28sanei%5C">ὡσανεὶ</w> <w lemma="flegmai%2Fnontos">φλεγμαίνοντος</w>, <w lemma="e%29pigenome%2Fnhs">ἐπιγενομένης</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tau%2Fths">ταύτης</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="peripetei%2Fas">περιπετείας</w> <w lemma="ou%29">οὐ</w> <w lemma="mo%2Fnon">μόνον</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w>, <w lemma="a%29lla%5C">ἀλλὰ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="su%2Fgklhton">σύγκλητον</w> <w lemma="au%29th%5Cn">αὐτὴν</w> <w lemma="sune%2Fbh">συνέβη</w> <w lemma="diatraph%3Dnai">διατραπῆναι</w>.
<w lemma="dio%5C">διὸ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pare%2Fntes">παρέντες</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="kat%27">κατ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29niauto%5Cn">ἐνιαυτὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29gwgh%5Cn">ἀγωγὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="ai%28%2Fresin">αἵρεσιν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29rxo%2Fntwn">ἀρχόντων</w> <w lemma="meizo%2Fnws">μειζόνως</w> <w lemma="e%29peba%2Flonto">ἐπεβάλοντο</w> <w lemma="bouleu%2Fesqai">βουλεύεσθαι</w> <w lemma="peri%5C">περὶ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29nestw%2Ftwn">ἐνεστώτων</w>, <w lemma="nomi%2Fzontes">νομίζοντες</w> <w lemma="au%29tokra%2Ftoros">αὐτοκράτορος</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dsqai">δεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="strathgou%3D">στρατηγοῦ</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fgmata">πράγματα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="periestw%3Dtas">περιεστῶτας</w> <w lemma="kairou%2Fs">καιρούς</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="katateqarrhkw%5Cs">κατατεθαρρηκὼς</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Flois">ὅλοις</w> <w lemma="h%29%2Fdh">ἤδη</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fzein">συνεγγίζειν</w> <w lemma="th%3D%7C">τῇ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rw%2Fmh%7C">Ῥώμῃ</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="a%29pedoki%2Fmasen">ἀπεδοκίμασεν</w>, <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="e%29piporeuo%2Fmenos">ἐπιπορευόμενος</w> <w lemma="a%29dew%3Ds">ἀδεῶς</w> <w lemma="e%29po%2Frqei">ἐπόρθει</w>, <w lemma="poiou%2Fmenos">ποιούμενος</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="porei%2Fan">πορείαν</w> <w lemma="w%28s">ὡς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w>.
<w lemma="dianu%2Fsas">διανύσας</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="th%2Fn">τήν</w> <w lemma="te">τε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29%2Fombrwn">Ὄμβρων</w> <w lemma="kaloume%2Fnhn">καλουμένην</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Apike%2Fntwn">Πικέντων</w> <w lemma="h%28%3Dken">ἧκεν</w> <w lemma="dekatai%3Dos">δεκαταῖος</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="%2A%29adri%2Fan">Ἀδρίαν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fpous">τόπους</w>,
<w lemma="pollh%3Ds">πολλῆς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fas">λείας</w> <w lemma="gegonw%5Cs">γεγονὼς</w> <w lemma="e%29gkrath%2Fs">ἐγκρατής</w>, <w lemma="w%28%2Fste">ὥστε</w> <w lemma="mh%2Ft%27">μήτ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fgein">ἄγειν</w> <w lemma="mh%2Fte">μήτε</w> <w lemma="fe%2Frein">φέρειν</w> <w lemma="du%2Fnasqai">δύνασθαι</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="strato%2Fpedon">στρατόπεδον</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="w%29felei%2Fas">ὠφελείας</w>, <w lemma="polu%5C">πολὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="plh%3Dqos">πλῆθος</w> <w lemma="a%29nqrw%2Fpwn">ἀνθρώπων</w> <w lemma="a%29pektagkw%5Cs">ἀπεκταγκὼς</w> <w lemma="kata%5C">κατὰ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="di%2Fodon:">δίοδον·</w>
<w lemma="kaqa%2Fper">καθάπερ</w> <w lemma="ga%5Cr">γὰρ</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="po%2Flewn">πόλεων</w> <w lemma="katalh%2Fyesi">καταλήψεσι</w>, <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="para%2Fggelma%2F">παράγγελμά</w> <w lemma="ti">τι</w> <w lemma="dedome%2Fnon">δεδομένον</w> <w lemma="h%29%3Dn">ἦν</w> <w lemma="foneu%2Fein">φονεύειν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28popi%2Fptontas">ὑποπίπτοντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29n">ἐν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="h%28liki%2Fais">ἡλικίαις</w>. <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="d%27">δ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29poi%2Fei">ἐποίει</w> <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="pro">προ</w>
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<head>A Second Disaster in Etruria</head>About the same time as the battle of Thrasymene,<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note136">Servilius's advanced guard cut to pieces.</note>the Consul Gnaeus Servilius, who had been stationed on duty at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Ariminum&groupId=362&placeId=691">Ariminum</a>,—which is on the coast of the Adriatic, where the plains of Cis-Alpine <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Gaul&groupId=598&placeId=1108">Gaul</a> join the rest of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Italy&groupId=656&placeId=1199">Italy</a>, not far from the mouths of the Padus,—having heard that Hannibal had entered <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Etruria&groupId=582&placeId=1089">Etruria</a> and was encamped near Flaminius, designed to join the latter with his whole army. But finding himself hampered by the difficulty of transporting so heavy a force, he sent Gaius Centenius forward in haste with four thousand horse, intending that he should be there before himself in case of need. But Hannibal, getting early intelligence after the battle of Thrasymene of this reinforcement of the enemy, sent Maharbal with his light-armed troops, and a detachment of cavalry, who falling in with Gaius, killed nearly half his men at the first encounter; and having pursued the remainder to a certain hill, on the very next day took them all prisoners. The news of the battle of Thrasymene was three days' old at <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>, and the sorrow caused by it was, so to speak, at its hottest, when this further disaster was announced. The consternation caused by it was no longer confined to the people. The Senate now fully shared in it; and it was resolved that the usual annual arrangements for the election of magistrates should be suspended, and a more radical remedy be sought for the present dangers; for they came to the conclusion that their affairs were in such a state, as to require a commander with absolute powers.Feeling now entirely confident of success, Hannibal rejected<pb n="245" />the idea of approaching <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> for the present; but traversed the country plundering it without resistance, and directing his march towards the coast of the Adriatic.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note137">Hannibal's advance after the battle.</note>Having passed through Umbria and Picenum, he came upon the coast after a ten days' march with such enormous booty, that the army could neither drive nor carry all the wealth which they had taken, and after killing a large number of people on his road. For the order was given, usual in the storming of cities, to kill all adults who came in their way; an order which Hannibal was prompted to give now by his deep-seated hatred of <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a>.<note anchored="yes" place="unspecified" id="note138">This treatment of non-combatants was contrary to the usages of civilised warfare even in those days, and seems to have been the true ground for the charge of<foreign lang="la">crudelitas</foreign>always attributed to Hannibal by Roman writers, as opposed to the behaviour of such an enemy as Pyrrhus (<bibl n="Cic. Amic. 28" default="NO" valid="yes">Cic.<title>de Am.</title>28</bibl>). It may be compared to the order of the Convention to give no quarter to English soldiers, which the French officers nobly refused to execute.</note>
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Walbank Commentary