<w lemma="%2Akata%5C">Κατὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%5Cs">αὐτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kairou%5Cs">καιροὺς</w> <w lemma="%2A%29anni%2Fbas">Ἀννίβας</w> <w lemma="pracikoph%2Fsas">πραξικοπήσας</w> <w lemma="po%2Flin">πόλιν</w> <w lemma="%2Aklasti%2Fdion">Κλαστίδιον</w>, <w lemma="e%29ndo%2Fntos">ἐνδόντος</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3D%7C">αὐτῷ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pepisteume%2Fnou">πεπιστευμένου</w> <w lemma="para%5C">παρὰ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="a%29ndro%5Cs">ἀνδρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2Abrentesi%2Fnou">Βρεντεσίνου</w>, <w lemma="kate%2Fsxe">κατέσχε</w>.
<w lemma="geno%2Fmenos">γενόμενος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="ku%2Frios">κύριος</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="froura%3Ds">φρουρᾶς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="si%2Ftou">σίτου</w> <w lemma="paraqe%2Fsews">παραθέσεως</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftw%7C">τούτῳ</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="paro%5Cn">παρὸν</w> <w lemma="e%29xrh%2Fsato">ἐχρήσατο</w>, <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="paralhfqe%2Fntas">παραληφθέντας</w> <w lemma="a%29%2Fndras">ἄνδρας</w> <w lemma="a%29blabei%3Ds">ἀβλαβεῖς</w> <w lemma="meq%27">μεθ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%28autou%3D">ἑαυτοῦ</w> <w lemma="proh%3Dge">προῆγε</w>,
<w lemma="dei%3Dgma">δεῖγμα</w> <w lemma="boulo%2Fmenos">βουλόμενος</w> <w lemma="e%29kfe%2Frein">ἐκφέρειν</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="sfete%2Fras">σφετέρας</w> <w lemma="proaire%2Fsews">προαιρέσεως</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="mh%5C">μὴ</w> <w lemma="dedio%2Ftas">δεδιότας</w> <w lemma="a%29pelpi%2Fzein">ἀπελπίζειν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%29tou%3D">αὐτοῦ</w> <w lemma="swthri%2Fan">σωτηρίαν</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="u%28po%5C">ὑπὸ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="kairw%3Dn">καιρῶν</w> <w lemma="katalambanome%2Fnous">καταλαμβανομένους</w>.
<w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="prodo%2Fthn">προδότην</w> <w lemma="e%29ti%2Fmhse">ἐτίμησε</w> <w lemma="megalei%2Fws">μεγαλείως</w>, <w lemma="e%29kkale%2Fsasqai">ἐκκαλέσασθαι</w> <w lemma="spouda%2Fzwn">σπουδάζων</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="pragma%2Ftwn">πραγμάτων</w> <w lemma="tattome%2Fnous">ταττομένους</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="ta%5Cs">τὰς</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="e%29lpi%2Fdas">ἐλπίδας</w>.
<w lemma=""></w> <w lemma="%2Ameta%5C">Μετὰ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tau%3Dta">ταῦτα</w> <w lemma="sunqewrh%2Fsas">συνθεωρήσας</w> <w lemma="tina%5Cs">τινὰς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltw%3Dn">Κελτῶν</w>, <w lemma="oi%28%5C">οἳ</w> <w lemma="katw%2F%7Ckoun">κατῴκουν</w> <w lemma="metacu%5C">μεταξὺ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Apa%2Fdou">Πάδου</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Atrebi%2Fa">Τρεβία</w> <w lemma="potamou%3D">ποταμοῦ</w>, <w lemma="pepoihme%2Fnous">πεποιημένους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="au%28to%5Cn">αὑτὸν</w> <w lemma="fili%2Fan">φιλίαν</w>, <w lemma="diapempome%2Fnous">διαπεμπομένους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fous">Ῥωμαίους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pepeisme%2Fnous">πεπεισμένους</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="toiou%2Ftw%7C">τοιούτῳ</w> <w lemma="tro%2Fpw%7C">τρόπῳ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="a%29mfoi%3Dn">ἀμφοῖν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="au%28toi%3Ds">αὑτοῖς</w> <w lemma="u%28pa%2Frcein">ὑπάρξειν</w>,
<w lemma="e%29caposte%2Fllei">ἐξαποστέλλει</w> <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="disxili%2Fous">δισχιλίους</w>, <w lemma="i%28ppei%3Ds">ἱππεῖς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltou%5Cs">Κελτοὺς</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fdas">Νομάδας</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w>, <w lemma="prosta%2Fcas">προστάξας</w> <w lemma="e%29pidramei%3Dn">ἐπιδραμεῖν</w> <w lemma="au%29tw%3Dn">αὐτῶν</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="xw%2Fran">χώραν</w>.
<w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="praca%2Fntwn">πραξάντων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="prostaxqe%5Cn">προσταχθὲν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pollh%5Cn">πολλὴν</w> <w lemma="peribalome%2Fnwn">περιβαλομένων</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fan">λείαν</w>, <w lemma="eu%29qe%2Fws">εὐθέως</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="parh%3Dsan">παρῆσαν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%2Fwn">Ῥωμαίων</w>, <w lemma="deo%2Fmenoi">δεόμενοι</w> <w lemma="sfi%2Fsi">σφίσι</w> <w lemma="bohqei%3Dn">βοηθεῖν</w>.
<w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flai">πάλαι</w> <w lemma="zhtw%3Dn">ζητῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%5Cn">ἀφορμὴν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="pra%2Fttein">πράττειν</w> <w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="labw%5Cn">λαβὼν</w> <w lemma="pro%2Ffasin">πρόφασιν</w> <w lemma="e%29cape%2Fsteile">ἐξαπέστειλε</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="i%28ppe%2Fwn">ἱππέων</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="plei%3Dston">πλεῖστον</w> <w lemma="me%2Fros">μέρος</w>, <w lemma="pezou%5Cs">πεζοὺς</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftois">τούτοις</w> <w lemma="a%29kontista%5Cs">ἀκοντιστὰς</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="xili%2Fous">χιλίους</w>.
<w lemma="spoudh%3D%7C">σπουδῇ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tou%2Ftwn">τούτων</w> <w lemma="prosmica%2Fntwn">προσμιξάντων</w> <w lemma="pe%2Fran">πέραν</w> <w lemma="tou%3D">τοῦ</w> <w lemma="%2Atrebi%2Fa">Τρεβία</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="diamaxome%2Fnwn">διαμαχομένων</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="u%28pe%5Cr">ὑπὲρ</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="lei%2Fas">λείας</w>, <w lemma="e%29tra%2Fphsan">ἐτράπησαν</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="su%5Cn">σὺν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="%2Anoma%2Fsi">Νομάσι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29poxw%2Frhsin">ἀποχώρησιν</w> <w lemma="e%29pi%5C">ἐπὶ</w> <w lemma="to%5Cn">τὸν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraka">χάρακα</w>.
<w lemma="taxu%5C">ταχὺ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunnoh%2Fsantes">συννοήσαντες</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="prokaqh%2Fmenoi">προκαθήμενοι</w> <w lemma="th%3Ds">τῆς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="parembolh%3Ds">παρεμβολῆς</w> <w lemma="e%29nteu%3Dqen">ἐντεῦθεν</w> <w lemma="tai%3Ds">ταῖς</w> <w lemma="e%29fedrei%2Fais">ἐφεδρείαις</w> <w lemma="e%29boh%2Fqoun">ἐβοήθουν</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="piezome%2Fnois:">πιεζομένοις·</w> <w lemma="ou%28%3D">οὗ</w> <w lemma="genome%2Fnou">γενομένου</w> <w lemma="trape%2Fntes">τραπέντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="pa%2Flin">πάλιν</w> <w lemma="e%29poiou%3Dnto">ἐποιοῦντο</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="a%29po%2Flusin">ἀπόλυσιν</w> <w lemma="ei%29s">εἰς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="parembolh%2Fn">παρεμβολήν</w>.
<w lemma="%2Atebe%2Frios">Τεβέριος</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sunorw%3Dn">συνορῶν</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="gino%2Fmenon">γινόμενον</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fntas">πάντας</w> <w lemma="e%29pafh%3Dke">ἐπαφῆκε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="i%28%2Fppous">ἵππους</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="a%29kontista%2Fs">ἀκοντιστάς</w>. <w lemma="tou%2Ftou">τούτου</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="sumpeso%2Fntos">συμπεσόντος</w> <w lemma="au%29%3Dqis">αὖθις</w> <w lemma="e%29gkli%2Fnantes">ἐγκλίναντες</w> <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="%2Akeltoi%5C">Κελτοὶ</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="th%5Cn">τὴν</w> <w lemma="e%28autw%3Dn">ἑαυτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29sfa%2Fleian">ἀσφάλειαν</w> <w lemma="a%29pexw%2Froun">ἀπεχώρουν</w>.
<w lemma="o%28">ὁ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="strathgo%5Cs">στρατηγὸς</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="a%29para%2Fskeuos">ἀπαράσκευος</w> <w lemma="w%29%5Cn">ὢν</w> <w lemma="pro%5Cs">πρὸς</w> <w lemma="to%5C">τὸ</w> <w lemma="kri%2Fnein">κρίνειν</w> <w lemma="ta%5C">τὰ</w> <w lemma="o%28%2Fla">ὅλα</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="nomi%2Fzwn">νομίζων</w> <w lemma="dei%3Dn">δεῖν</w> <w lemma="mhde%2Fpote">μηδέποτε</w> <w lemma="xwri%5Cs">χωρὶς</w> <w lemma="proqe%2Fsews">προθέσεως</w> <w lemma="mhd%27">μηδ᾽</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="pa%2Fshs">πάσης</w> <w lemma="a%29formh%3Ds">ἀφορμῆς</w> <w lemma="poiei%3Dsqai">ποιεῖσθαι</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="o%28losxerei%3Ds">ὁλοσχερεῖς</w> <w lemma="kindu%2Fnous">κινδύνους</w>, <w lemma="o%28%2Fper">ὅπερ</w> <w lemma="ei%29%3Dnai">εἶναι</w> <w lemma="fate%2Fon">φατέον</w> <w lemma="h%28gemo%2Fnos">ἡγεμόνος</w> <w lemma="e%29%2Frgon">ἔργον</w> <w lemma="a%29gaqou%3D">ἀγαθοῦ</w>,
<w lemma="to%2Fte">τότε</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29pe%2Fsxe">ἐπέσχε</w> <w lemma="tou%5Cs">τοὺς</w> <w lemma="par%27">παρ᾽</w> <w lemma="au%28tou%3D">αὑτοῦ</w> <w lemma="suneggi%2Fsantas">συνεγγίσαντας</w> <w lemma="tw%3D%7C">τῷ</w> <w lemma="xa%2Fraki">χάρακι</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sth%3Dnai">στῆναι</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="e%29k">ἐκ</w> <w lemma="metabolh%3Ds">μεταβολῆς</w> <w lemma="h%29na%2Fgkase">ἠνάγκασε</w>, <w lemma="diw%2Fkein">διώκειν</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="sumple%2Fkesqai">συμπλέκεσθαι</w> <w lemma="toi%3Ds">τοῖς</w> <w lemma="polemi%2Fois">πολεμίοις</w> <w lemma="e%29kw%2Fluse">ἐκώλυσε</w>, <w lemma="dia%5C">διὰ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="u%28phretw%3Dn">ὑπηρετῶν</w> <w lemma="kai%5C">καὶ</w> <w lemma="salpigktw%3Dn">σαλπιγκτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29nakalou%2Fmenos">ἀνακαλούμενος</w>. <w lemma="oi%28">οἱ</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="%2A%28rwmai%3Doi">Ῥωμαῖοι</w> <w lemma="braxu%5Cn">βραχὺν</w> <w lemma="e%29pisxo%2Fntes">ἐπισχόντες</w> <w lemma="xro%2Fnon">χρόνον</w> <w lemma="a%29ne%2Flusan">ἀνέλυσαν</w>,
<w lemma="o%29li%2Fgous">ὀλίγους</w> <w lemma="me%5Cn">μὲν</w> <w lemma="au%28tw%3Dn">αὑτῶν</w> <w lemma="a%29pobalo%2Fntes">ἀποβαλόντες</w>, <w lemma="plei%2Fous">πλείους</w> <w lemma="de%5C">δὲ</w> <w lemma="tw%3Dn">τῶν</w> <w lemma="%2Akarxhdoni%2Fwn">Καρχηδονίων</w> <w lemma="diefqarko%2Ftes">διεφθαρκότες</w>.
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<head>A Skirmish Near the Trebia</head>Meanwhile Hannibal got possession of Clastidium, by<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note110">Fall of Clastidium. Hannibal's policy towards the Italians.</note>the treachery of a certain Brundisian, to whom it had been entrusted by the Romans. Having become master of the garrison and the stores of corn, he used the latter for his present needs; but took the men whom he had captured with him, without doing them any harm, being desirous of showing by an example the policy he meant to pursue; that those whose present position towards <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Rome&groupId=935&placeId=1669">Rome</a> was merely the result of circumstances should not be terrified, and give up hope of being spared by him. The man who betrayed Clastidium to him he treated with extraordinary honour, by way of tempting all men in similar situations of authority to share the prospects of the Carthaginians. But afterwards, finding that certain Celts who lived in the fork of the Padus and the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a>, while pretending to have made terms with him, were sending messages to the Romans at the same time, believing that they would thus secure themselves from being harmed by either side, he sent two thousand infantry with some Celtic and Numidian cavalry with orders to devastate their territory. This order being executed, and a great booty obtained, the Celts appeared at the Roman camp beseeching their aid.<note anchored="yes" place="marg" id="note111">A skirmish favourable to the Romans.</note>Tiberius had been all along looking out for an opportunity of striking a blow: and at once seized on this pretext for sending out a party, consisting of the greater part of his cavalry, and a thousand sharp-shooters of his infantry along with them; who having speedily come up<pb n="229" />with the enemy on the other side of the <a class="linkToPlace" target="_blank" href="/place?placename=Trebia&groupId=1044&placeId=1838">Trebia</a>, and engaged them in a sharp struggle for the possession of the booty, forced the Celts and Numidians to beat a retreat to their own camp. Those who were on duty in front of the Carthaginian camp quickly perceived what was going on, and brought some reserves to support the retreating cavalry; then the Romans in their turn were routed, and had to retreat to their camp. At this Tiberius sent out all his cavalry and sharp-shooters; whereupon the Celts again gave way, and sought the protection of their own camp. The Carthaginian general being unprepared for a general engagement, and thinking it a sound rule not to enter upon one on every casual opportunity, or except in accordance with a settled design, acted, it must be confessed, on this occasion with admirable generalship. He checked their flight when his men were near the camp, and forced them to halt and face about; but he sent out his aides and buglers to recall the rest, and prevented them from pursuing and engaging the enemy any more. So the Romans after a short halt went back, having killed a large number of the enemy, and lost very few themselves.
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Walbank Commentary